This book succeeds Review of Medical Pharmacology , by Meyers, Jawetz, and Goldfien. Edited by B. G. Katzung, some of the important areas covered include drug receptors and pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics of absorption and biotransformation of drugs, autonomic pharmacology of cholinergic and adrenergic receptor stimulants and antagonists, antihypertensive agents, cardiac glycosides and other agents used in the treatment of congestive heart failure, therapeutic drugs for cardiac arrhythmias, diuretics, pharmacology of the CNS drugs such as anticonvulsants and anesthetics, antidepressants, narcotic analgesics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, endocrine pharmacology, antimicrobial and antimycobacterial drugs, antiprotozoal and antihelmintic drugs, cancer chemotherapy, and drugs and the immune system. Written by several prominent researchers and scientists, each chapter begins with a section on the basic pharmacology, chemistry, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of the agents under discussion. This is followed by a section on clinical pharmacology, which deals with relevant information regarding the clinical use of drugs on the various

Basic and Clinical Pharmacology

The oral health surveys basic methods that we provide for you will be ultimate to give preference. This reading book is your chosen book to accompany you when in your free time, in your lonely. This kind of book can help you to heal the lonely and get or add the inspirations to be more inoperative. Yeah, book as the widow of the world can be very inspiring manners. As here, this book is also created by an inspiring author that can make influences of you to do more.

Oral Health Surveys: Basic Methods

The classification of malocclusion

Background —Chronic infections have been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, yet from an epidemiological perspective, this concept remains controversial. Methods and Results —The Bruneck Study is a prospective population-based survey on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In 826 men and women 40 to 79 years old (1990 baseline), 5-year changes in carotid atherosclerosis were thoroughly assessed by high-resolution duplex scanning. The presence of chronic respiratory, urinary tract, dental, and other infections was ascertained by standard diagnostic criteria. Chronic infections amplified the risk of atherosclerosis development in the carotid arteries. The association was most pronounced in subjects free of carotid atherosclerosis at baseline (age-/sex-adjusted odds ratio [95% CI] for any chronic infection versus none, 4.08 [2.42 to 6.85];P <0.0001) and applied to all types of chronic (bacterial) infections. It remained independently significant after adjustment for classic vascular risk attributes and extended to low-risk individuals free of conventional risk factors. Among subjects with chronic infections, atherosclerosis risk was highest in those with a prominent inflammatory response. Markers of systemic inflammation, such as soluble adhesion molecules and circulating bacterial endotoxin, and levels of soluble human heat-shock protein 60 and antibodies to mycobacterial heat-shock protein 65 were elevated in subjects with chronic infections and predictive of an increased risk of atherosclerosis. Conclusions —The present study provides solid evidence for a role of common chronic infections in human atherogenesis. Induction of systemic inflammation and autoimmunity may be potential pathophysiological links.

Preventive Cardiology AbstractsChronic infections and the risk of carotid atherosclerosis. Prospective results from a large population study

“Early childhood caries (ECC) is major oral health problem, mainly in socially disadvantaged populations. ECC affect infants and preschool children worldwide. The prevalence of ECC differs according to the group examined, and a prevalence of up to 85% has been reported for disadvantaged groups”. “Early childhood caries (ECC) is the presence of one or more decayed, missing, or filled primary teeth in children aged 71 months (5 years) or younger. It begins with white-spot lesions in the upper primary incisors along the margin of the gingiva. If the disease continues, caries can progress, leading to complete destruction of the crown.” The main risk factors in the development of ECC can be categorized as microbiological, dietary and environmental risk factors. Even though it is largely a preventable condition, ECC remains one of the most common childhood diseases. The major contributing factors for the for the high prevalence of ECC are improper feeding practices, familial socioeconomic background, lack of parental education and lack of access to dental care. Oral health plays an important role in children to maintain the oral functions and are required for eating, speech development, and a positive self-image. The review will focus on the prevalence, risk factors and preventive strategies and the management of early childhood caries.

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Early Childhood Caries: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Prevention.

Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), located in the perivascular space of the periodontium were able to differentiate into periodontal cell types in vitro [1]. In this study, we investigated the effect of three different culture media and of low oxygen tension (1%) on the immunophenotype, proliferation rate and osteogenic potential of PDLSCs. This study was the first report to compare the PDLSCs from the same person in different culture systems. PDLSCs were harvested from three healthy third molars and the single-cells suspensions were cultured in the culture media a-MEM, DMEM and a new medium formulation (Enriched Ham’s F12 Medium, EHFM), respectively. PDLSCs were subcultured (4 x 103/cm2) until passage 7. The characterization of PDLSCs included FACS, immunofluorescence analysis and cell proliferation assay in both normoxia and hypoxia (1%). After culture in osteogenic medium for 7, 14 and 21 days, osteoblastic differentiation was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase activity, mineralization (alizarin red staining) and gene expression of osteogenic markers. Osteoblastic differentiation was also evaluated under hypoxic conditions. PDLSCs cultured in EHFM showed increased proliferation rate and CD73 overexpression compared to cells maintained in a-MEM and DMEM. On the other hand, PDLSCs grown in a-MEM and DMEM showed higher osteogenic differentiation potential compared to EHFM. Hypoxia affected both proliferation rate and osteogenic potential. On the basis of these results, we propose a two stages protocol for the osteogenic induction of PDLSCs, in which the early expansion stage could be performed in EHFM without loss of cell stemness. Furthermore, the results obtained in the different conditions (normoxia and hypoxia) suggest that oxygen tension plays a critical role in PDLSCs physiology.

Effects of culture system and hypoxia on long-term expansion and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells derived from periodontal ligament

BACKGROUND Thanks to the recent scientific improvements, the insertion of immediately loaded post-extraction implants has become a routine, rather than elective, surgical treatment, which vaunts a success rate close to 100%. AIM The purpose of this study is to analyze the actual status regarding this field and to critically review the current available literature. MATERIAL OF STUDY A research was made in the Pubmed database, by using the keywords "immediate loading", "postextraction", "dental implant", for studies published in the last 10 years. Sixty articles were selected in this review in order to investigate and define indications and counter-indications, benefits and disadvantages, pre-surgical evaluation and surgical technique, influential factors and available technologies for planning of this treatment. RESULTS The dental implants into fresh extraction sockets and their immediate loading is associated with a high success and survival rate, comparable with those obtained in case of conventional delayed loading. Many studies show the practicability and expectation of this procedure. DISCUSSION The immediate loading of dental implants reduces the risk for osteo fibro integration by inducing a more dense perimplant bone apposition. Factors that influence the success of this treatment are: patient selection, bone quality and density, micro- and macrostructure of the implant, surgical technique, control of occlusal forces, prosthesis guidelines and the achievement of primary stability. CONCLUSIONS It may be concluded that this surgical protocol, if well-managed, guarantees the desired implant-prosthetic outcome, shows a high aesthetic result and reduces treatment time, by ensuring the comfort and by making the patient satisfied.

Immediately loaded post-extraction implant. Case report and literature review.

Iatrogenic diseases affecting the maxillary sinus may be consequent to both technical errors operator both represent something "inevitable", linked to the particular situation of anatomical contiguity between pathologic finding to be removed and the sinus. They can result from multiple occurrences: Extraction of dental elements erupted of the posterior maxilla, most frequently in the case of multi-rooted elements with roots long and diverse; Surgical extraction of impacted teeth, especially the third molars, second premolars and, more rarely, canines; Dislocation in the roots of the maxillary sinus, dental elements or parts of fractured instruments (in this case the event is always tied to a technical error); Enucleation of periapical lesions or cysts whose walls are adherent to the sinus mucosa; Removal of benign growths such as odontomas or other odontogenic tumors and odontogenic not directly related to the sinus mucosa; Preparation of implant sites in the posterior maxilla, due to incorrect assessment of the space available between the alveolar margin and sinus floor. Meta-analytical, observational and retrospective study obtained from a literature review of 10 articles. Its primary etiological factor is dental extraction and preparation of dental implant sites. The lesions iatrogenic sinus occurred during oral surgery or implant surgery can be provided and certainly reduced. The way forward is that of a careful planning designed to reduce the risk of accidents during surgery.

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Iatrogenic Invasion of Maxillary Sinus in Oral Surgery

Incappucciamento Indiretto con Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (Mta): Caso Clinico e

https://air.unimi.it/bitstream/2434/277936/2/MTA.pdf

Leonzio Fortunato

Papers

Effects of culture system and hypoxia on long-term expansion and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells derived from periodontal ligament

Immediately loaded post-extraction implant. Case report and literature review.

Iatrogenic Invasion of Maxillary Sinus in Oral Surgery

Incappucciamento Indiretto con Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (Mta): Caso Clinico e

Incappucciamento Indiretto con Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (Mta): Caso Clinico e Follow-up