Study on City Digital Twin Technologies for Sustainable Smart City Design: a Review and Bibliometric Analysis of Geographic Information System and Building Information Modeling Integration

ABSTRACT Laser scanning 3D technology is gaining prominence in Architecture, Engineering and Construction, aiming to organize space and shape the human environment. Main advantages of laser scanning, such as efficiency, high accuracy and precision, low time consumption, safety, and non-invasiveness, provide technological support for sustainable development goals. Obtaining a point cloud using laser scanning and creating 3D models allows producing a highly detailed computer image of a measuring facility. The resulting spatial model of the building makes it possible to prepare inventory documentation, conduct construction analyses, and widely support technical facility management. The use of detailed data about a single building is becoming possible to enrich BIM (Building Information Modelling) or GEOBIM (geospatial environment with BIM). The present paper discusses the measurement and modelling of buildings using both terrestrial laser scanning. As an auxiliary method, close-range photogrammetry was carried out from an unmanned aerial vehicle. For this purpose, models were created of three facilities located in Poland. Particular attention was drawn to analysing potential errors in mapping. Direct geometry measurements were performed, and statistical analyses, deviations of actual lengths were specified. The results obtained have indicated that the measurement accuracy of existing buildings and its digital model is better than ±1 cm.

Scan-to-BIM method in construction: assessment of the 3D buildings model accuracy in terms inventory measurements

At present, the smart city offers the most desired state of urban development, encompassing, as it does, the concept of sustainable development. The creation of a smart city is closely associated with upgrading the construction industry to encompass many emerging concepts and technologies, such as Construction 4.0, with its roots in Industry 4.0, and the deployment of building information modeling (BIM) as an essential tool for the construction industry. Therefore, this paper aims to explore the current state of the art and development trajectory of the multidisciplinary integration of Construction 4.0, Industry 4.0, BIM, and sustainable construction in the context of the smart city. It is the first attempt in the literature to use both macro-quantitative analysis and micro-qualitative analysis methods to investigate this multidisciplinary research topic. By using the visual bibliometric tool, VOSviewer, and based on macro keyword co-occurrence, this paper is the first to reveal the five keyword-constructed schemes, research hotspots, and development trends of the smart city, Construction 4.0, Industry 4.0, BIM, and sustainable construction, from 2014 to 2021 (a period of eight years). Additionally, the top 11 productive subject areas have been identified with the help of VOSviewer software keyword-clustering analysis and application. Furthermore, the whole-building life cycle is considered as an aid to identifying research gaps and trends, providing suggestions for future research with the assistance of an upgraded version of BIM, namely, city information modeling (CIM) and the future integration of Industry 5.0 and Construction 5.0, or even of Industry Metaverse with Construction Metaverse.

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Construction 4.0, Industry 4.0, and Building Information Modeling (BIM) for Sustainable Building Development within the Smart City

A urban digital twin is the virtual representation of real assets, processes, systems and subsystems of a city. It uses and integrates heterogeneous data to learn and evolve with the physical city, providing support to monitor the current status and predict/anticipate possible future scenarios. In this paper, we focus on the issues and potential related to the geometric layer of the city digital twin. On the one hand, detailed 3D data to reconstruct the urban morphology very accurately might not be available, and planning a new survey is costly in terms of money and time. On the other hand, the more the geometry adheres to the real counterpart, the more accurate measures and simulations related to the urban space will be. We describe our approach to develop the geometric layer of the digital twin of the city of Matera, in Italy, using only pre-existing public data. Specifically, our method exploits available digital elevation models from a previous regional aerial survey and integrates them with data coming from OpenStreetMap to generate an as-precise-as-possible 3D model, annotated with heterogeneous semantic information. We demonstrate the potential of the geometric layer by developing two geometric characterisation services, namely route slope extraction and light/shadow maps according to a specific date and time. In the next steps, the computed attributes will help to answer specific objectives which could be of interest for the Municipality, such as personalised optimal routes taking into account user preferences including slope and perceived environmental comfort.

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Potential of the Geometric Layer in Urban Digital Twins

PurposeThis paper critically analysed 195 articles with the objectives of providing a clear understanding of the current City Information Modelling (CIM) implementations, identifying the main challenges hampering the uptake of CIM and providing recommendations for the future development of CIM.Design/methodology/approachThis paper adopts the PRISMA method in order to perform the systematic literature review.FindingsThe results identified nine domains of CIM implementation including (1) natural disaster management, (2) urban building energy modelling, (3) urban facility management, (4) urban infrastructure management, (5) land administration systems, (6) improvement of urban microclimates, (7) development of digital twin and smart cities, (8) improvement of social engagement and (9) urban landscaping design. 10; Further, eight challenges were identified that hinder the widespread employment of CIM including (1) reluctance towards CIM application, (2) data quality, (3) computing resources and storage inefficiency, (4) data integration between BIM and GIS and interoperability, (5) establishing a standardised workflow for CIM implementation, (6) synergy between all parties involved, (7) cybersecurity and intellectual property and (8) data management.Originality/valueThis is the first paper of its kind that provides a holistic understanding of the current implementation of CIM. The outcomes will benefit multiple target groups. First, urban planners and designers will be supplied with a status-quo understanding of CIM implementations. Second, this research introduces possibilities of CIM deployment for the governance of cities; hence the outcomes can be useful for policymakers. Lastly, the scientific community can use the findings of this study as a reference point to gain a comprehensive understanding of the field and contribute to the future development of CIM.

The uptake of City Information Modelling (CIM): a comprehensive review of current implementations, challenges and future outlook

City Information Modelling as a support decision tool for planning and management of cities: A systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis

No decorrer do ultimo quarto de seculo, diferentes olhares se voltaram para a zona portuaria do Rio de Janeiro, cada qual valorizando um aspecto distinto e transformando os projetos na regiao num mosaico de influencias para a grande reforma atual. A aposta na reconstrucao total desse territorio, trouxe como consequencia um dos maiores movimentos de preservacao e valorizacao historica que se viu em cidades brasileiras nas ultimas decadas, com a recuperacao de sitios historicos, palacetes e sobrados, alem de calcamentos originais e ate objetos e ossadas de valor arqueologico. Alem disso, o foco da midia na regiao tambem fez com que moradores e frequentadores locais reavaliassem sua relacao com o espaco, tornando cada vez mais comum a organizacao de atividades ligadas a cultura e acelerando o processo de valorizacao da autoestima local e inclusao da regiao no mapa cultural da cidade.

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Internação para usuários de Crack: Um campo de disputa em construção

Amorim (2016b) apresenta o City Information Modelling (CIM) como um sistema focado na gestao, no projeto de construcoes, no planejamento e no monitoramento da cidade, sendo abordado como suporte ao gerenciamento da infraestrutura de uma cidade inteligente. E Xu et al. (2014) define como um sistema para gerenciamento eficiente de cidades com o foco de alcancar compartilhamento de informacoes sobre varios sistemas da cidade em tempo real, de forma centralizada e acessivel afim de melhorar a eficiencia geral da gestao urbana. O termo foi cunhado inicialmente por Khemlani (2016) vislumbrando uma representacao digital da cidade que apoiasse de maneira eficaz as decisoes e analises em casos de ocorrencia de desastres naturais. Por se tratar de um assunto relativamente novo e nao estar plenamente definido, diante disto a pesquisa faz o uso de analise bibliografica para destacar o progresso das producoes cientificas ao longo do tempo, as colaboracoes entre paises, as palavras-chave de maior proeminencia e possiveis lacunas de pesquisas que poderiam beneficiar esse estabelecimento. Para tanto, realizou-se uma analise bibliometrica sobre o tema CIM. Os dados para o estudo bibliometrico foram coletados nas bases Web of Science e Scopus e foram processados por meio do software VOSviewer. Os resultados demonstraram um crescente numero de publicacoes neste campo, e correlacoes entre eventos ocorridos a nivel mundial, como a reuniao da ONU que debatia as Perspectivas da Urbanizacao Mundial e a Agenda do Desenvolvimento Sustentavel de 2030. 

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: City Information Modelling, Ferramentas de Gestao Urbana, Cidades Inteligentes.

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Análise bibliométrica de produções científicas de City Information Modelling

Ao caminhar por Sao Paulo, e possivel perceber a grande quantidade de muros, grades, câmeras no ambiente da cidade. A existencia desses aparatos e seguranca instiga diversos estudos sobre a questao securitaria. Realizo, nesse sentido, uma breve retomada historica sobre a formacao do espaco urbano da cidade de Sao Paulo, dando destaque ao surgimento e expansao dos condominios fechados. Haja vista o que e trazido pela literatura acerca deste assunto, procurei apresentar aquilo que se diz sobre os motivos para explicar tal expansao, momento no qual observei um aspecto central, qual seja: o medo do crime. Apos essa apresentacao, pauto a proposta de fechamento do conjunto de predios, quando questionei se a motivacao para isto seria o medo do crime, o discurso securitario. Durante pesquisa de campo, pude encontrar discursos de seguranca, assim como resistencias a esses, que se tornam interessantes de explorar.

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Letícia Canonico de Souza

Papers

City Information Modelling as a support decision tool for planning and management of cities: A systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis

Internação para usuários de Crack: Um campo de disputa em construção

Análise bibliométrica de produções científicas de City Information Modelling

"Um muro, nós merecemos" - discursos de segurança e suas resistências em um condomínio paulistano