Lewis Acids: From Conventional Homogeneous to Green Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis

Organic catalysis over zeolites: A perspective on reaction paths within micropores

Shape-selective catalysis in zeolites

Inorganic molecular sieves: Preparation, modification and industrial application in catalytic processes

In this review, a brief survey is offered on the main nanotechnology synthetic approaches available to heterogeneous catalysis, and a few examples are provided of their usefulness for such applications. We start by discussing the use of colloidal, reverse micelle, and dendrimer chemistry in the production of active metal and metal oxide nanoparticles with well-defined sizes, shapes, and compositions, as a way to control the surface atomic ensembles available for selective catalysis. Next we introduce the use of sol–gel and atomic layer deposition chemistry for the production and modification of high-surface-area supports and active phases. Reference is then made to the more complex active sites that can be created or carved on such supports by using organic structure-directing agents. We follow with an examination of the ability to achieve multiple functionality in catalysis via the design of dumbbells, core@shell, and other complex nanostructures. Finally, we consider the mixed molecular-nanostructure approach that can be used to develop more demanding catalytic sites, by derivatizing the surface of solids or tethering or immobilizing homogeneous catalysts or other chemical functionalities. We conclude with a personal and critical perspective on the importance of fully exploiting the synergies between nanotechnology and surface science to optimize the search for new catalysts and catalytic processes.

Nanostructured materials for applications in heterogeneous catalysis

An improved process for production of alkylphenylsul­
fonate compounds whereby the proportion of the 2-­
alkylphenylsulfonate isomer is reduced relative to the higher 
numbered isomers thereof (3-alkyl; 4-alkyl; etc.). After 
alkylation of aromatic compounds to produce a mixture of 
alkylbenzenes, the 2-alkylbenzene isomer is selectively crack­
ed to lower boiling products, leaving the higher numbered 
isomers substantially unreacted. Subsequent sulfonation 
results in alkylphenylsulfonate derivatives having improved 
detergency properties.

Preparation of improved phenylalkylsulfonates

ENHANCED LUBE YIELD AND VI'S FROM PROPYLENE OLIGOMERS Higher viscosity index lubricant products are obtained at high yield by catalytically reacting branched internal olefinic oligomers with alpha olefins under oligomerization conditions.

Lewis B. Young

Papers

Preparation of improved phenylalkylsulfonates

Enhanced lube yields and vi's from propylene oligomers