Microalgae have emerged as a renewable and sustainable candidate for bioenergy production coupled with pollutant removal from wastewater. However, costly biomass harvesting, insufficient biomass productivity, and energy-intensive extraction methods are major bottlenecks restricting their large-scale development. To break through such limitations, researchers have focused on the technologies towards consolidating microalgal-bacterial consortia, which exhibit numerous advantages related to economy, energy, and environment, due to the cooperative interactions between microalgae and bacteria. This paper recapitulates the most recent work on microalgal-bacterial interaction mechanisms, and describes the diverse biotechnological applications of microalgal-bacterial consortia. Based on this review, the interaction mechanisms cover substrate exchange, cell-to-cell signaling, and horizontal gene transfer. Nutrient availability, growth phase, and cultivation conditions are major factors affecting their interactions. In terms of wastewater treatment, attached microalgal-bacterial consortia are economically feasible and technically superior compared to suspended microalgal-bacterial consortia. Appropriate carrier, bioreactor type, operation mode, operational factor, and further perspectives for engineering attached microalgal-bacterial consortia are critically assessed. Bacteria play an important role in promoting microalgal growth, enhancing bio-flocculation and facilitating cell wall disruption, and thus expanding the application potential of microalgal biofuel production. The current state of other promising biotechnological applications of microalgal-bacterial consortia (particularly mitigation of CO2 emissions, microalgal bloom control, and electricity generation) and the appropriate strategies to enhance their practical applications are discussed. The major challenges to scale up microalgal-bacterial consortia and corresponding recommendations for further research are also addressed.

Microalgal-bacterial consortia: From interspecies interactions to biotechnological applications

Sequential cultivation of microalgae in raw and recycled dairy wastewater: Microalgal growth, wastewater treatment and biochemical composition

Recent advances biodegradation and biosorption of organic compounds from wastewater: Microalgae-bacteria consortium - A review.

Recent advances biodegradation and biosorption of organic compounds from wastewater: Microalgae-bacteria consortium - A review

Multifunctional modified polyvinyl alcohol: A powerful biomaterial for enhancing bioreactor performance in nitrate, Mn(II) and Cd(II) removal.

Municipal wastewater treatment via co-immobilized microalgal-bacterial symbiosis: Microorganism growth and nutrients removal

The utility model belongs to the technical field of the environmental engineering water treatment, concretely relates to an ecological water clean system for sponge city, including the rainwater wetland garden system that consecutive adding respectively has high -efficient compound microbial inoculant, ecological ditch system, shore hosepipe ecosystem and the aquatic plant ecosystem of adjusting.The rainwater wetland garden from the top down of system constitute by gravel layer and collector pipe that 100~200mm water -storage layer, 50~80mm overburden, 120~160mm planting soil layer, 400~800mmartificial filling materials layer and the thick particle diameter of 200~300mm are 8~15mm in proper order. High -efficient compound microbial inoculant be 0.5~0.8 by singly planting microbial liquidconcentration OD600 value, the volume ratio is 1~2: 5~8: 1: 2~3: 1 photosynthetic fungus, bacillus, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycete, the mix of fermentation type thread fungus make. The utilitymodel discloses utilize physics, chemistry and biological triple synergism in the natural ecological system to carry out purification treatment to rainwater runoff pollution, solved the flood of rainwater production and runoff pollution's problem.

A ecological water clean system for sponge city

The utility model belongs to the technical field of sewage treatment, ecological processing system of sewage especially, it is including deposiing overflow tank and constructed wetland system, the constructed wetland system includes the horizontal undercurrent constructed wetland unit, surface flow constructed wetland unit and vertical -flow constructed wetland unit, sewage is overflow to horizontal undercurrent constructed wetland unit distributing channel after deposiing the preliminary processing of overflow tank, then the horizontal undercurrent constructed wetland unit of flowing through in proper order, surface flow constructed wetland unit distributing channel, the surface flow constructed wetland unit, vertical -flow constructed wetland unit distributing channel, the vertical -flow constructed wetland unit, at last through outlet pipe discharge to reach standard, the barrier layer has all been laid to constructed wetland system bottom, and bottom longshore current water the direction is equipped with the slope is 0.005 0.01m the slope, the plant has all been planted on surface in the constructed wetland system. The utility model discloses utilize combining of multiple constructed wetland system, effectual nitrogen and phosphorus removal, both the energy saving can be beautified the environment again.

Ecological processing system of sewage

The invention provides a biological treatment system for rainwater purification of a sponge city. The biological treatment system comprises a vertical subsurface flow artificial wetland treatment unitand an embedded earthworm biological filtering tank unit, wherein matrix filling of the vertical subsurface flow artificial wetland treatment unit comprises a gravel layer and composite filling in sequence from bottom to top; the embedded earthworm biological filtering tank unit is arranged at the middle position of the composite filling of the vertical subsurface flow artificial wetland treatment unit; the embedded earthworm biological filtering tank unit comprises inert fiber filling and vegetable filling in sequence from top to bottom; earthworms in the embedded earthworm biological filtering tank unit are outer space No. 2 earthworms; iris sibirica is planted on surface soil of the vertical subsurface flow artificial wetland treatment unit. The purification system provided by the invention has the characteristics of capability of efficiently removing pollutants, simplicity in operation management and relatively small occupied area; the problems of current rainwater treatment of the sponge city that the technical effect is poor and the treatment system occupies a large area are solved.

Biological treatment system for rainwater purification of sponge city

The invention provides a dedicated nutritional agent for biological treatment of sludge and a production method thereof. The raw materials for production of the nutritional agent comprise sulfur powder, sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, vitamins, trace elements, carbon source substances, ammonium sodium phosphate tetrahydrate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, calcium chloride, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, surfactant tween and biomass auxiliary materials. The dedicated nutritional agent is favorable for absorption of microbes and helpful to quick colonization and role playing of the microbes, effectively improves microbial activity in biological treatment of sludge and improves the dehydration property and heavy metal removal rate of sludge. When applied to sludge treatment, the nutritional agent is quantificationally put into a sludge treatment facility by using a pump, and after pressure filtration of the treated sludge, the water ratio of a sludge cake can be lowered to below 60%, and the dissolution rates of heavy metals Cu, Zn, Pb and Cr are respectively 51.46%-83.55%, 40.99%-78.92%, 9.03%-31.68% and 10.97%-37.95%.

Li Linshuai

Papers

Municipal wastewater treatment via co-immobilized microalgal-bacterial symbiosis: Microorganism growth and nutrients removal

A ecological water clean system for sponge city

Ecological processing system of sewage

Biological treatment system for rainwater purification of sponge city

Dedicated nutritional agent for biological treatment of sludge and production method thereof