Wireless networks that are decentralized and communicate without using existing infrastructure are known as mobile ad-hoc networks. The most common sorts of threats and attacks can affect MANETs. Therefore, it is advised to utilize intrusion detection, which controls the system to detect additional security issues. Monitoring is essential to avoid attacks and provide extra protection against unauthorized access. Although the current solutions have been designed to defeat the attack nodes, they still require additional hardware, have considerable delivery delays, do not offer high throughput or packet delivery ratios, or do not do so without using more energy. The capability of a mobile node to forward packets, which is dependent on the platform's life quality, may be impacted by the absence of the network node power source. We developed the Safe Routing Approach (SRA), which uses behaviour analysis to track and monitor attackers who discard packets during the route discovery process. The attacking node recognition system is made for irregular routing node detection to protect the controller network's usual properties from becoming recognized as an attack node. The suggested method examines the nearby attack nodes and conceals the trusted node in the routing pathway. The path is instantly assigned after the initial discovery of trust nodes based on each node's strength value. It extends the network's life span and reduces packet loss. In terms of Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), energy consumption, network performance, and detection of attack nodes, the suggested approach is contrasted with AIS, ZIDS, and Improved AODV. The findings demonstrate that the recommended strategy performs superior in terms of PDR, residual energy, and network throughput.

Safe Routing Approach by Identifying and Subsequently Eliminating the Attacks in MANET

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) contain multiple wireless sensor nodes deployed around the geographical locations. The WSN used in military applications need more security and hence the deployment of trustworthy nodes and links in WSN provides more secure data transmission in Decentralized Military Sensor Networks (DMSNs). Moreover, the DMSNs work with different set of significance constraints including higher security requirements. The design of DMSNs targets surveillance tasks, intruder tracking tasks, army resource maintenance tasks and communication security requirements. Therefore, building a secure and dynamic DMSN against multiple threats is a challenging task. In addition, security principles developed for DMSN cause excessive energy consumption. Moreover, DMSN has completely open distributed architecture without having any base stations. Under this situation, the need for effective and secured data communication can be achieved with the help of a secure routing protocol. Block chains are generally used for making secure financial transactions. However, the routing protocols used in DMSN can support autonomous routing transactions from one node to other node. In this situation, block chain enabled routing procedures can ensure the trustworthiness of any data that is forwarded through different sensor nodes. Hence, a new Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) based Block Chain enabled secured Routing Protocol (GBCRP) is proposed in this paper which authenticates and validates the ongoing routing procedures of DMSN. Moreover, a new intrusion detection system is also proposed in this work using GAN which is deployed in the nodes of the DMSN for enhancing the security of communication. Since block chain based routing protocols do not provide security, the GBCRP works for creating volatile block chains using decentralized authentication principles and effective intrusion detection. The proposed system uses a Fully Decentralized Generative Adversarial Network (FDGAN) for monitoring the secure routing transactions by the development of an intrusion detection system. The results obtained from this work show that the proposed GBCRP providing better secured routing compared to the existing systems with respect to security, energy consumption and routing metrics.

Machine learning based volatile block chain construction for secure routing in decentralized military sensor networks

Segment routing (SR) technology is a new network functional technology derived from MPLS technology and based on SDN. Combining SR with software-defined perimeter (SDP), a new network security technology, is expected to solve the traditional problems such as data monitoring, denial of service, and new threats such as loop attack and label detection faced by SR data plane. Focusing on the security management of access devices in the SR data plane, first, this paper proposes an SR security model SbSR (SDP-based SR) based on SDP trust enhancement architecture, then, two-level SDP AH trust verification mechanism and 4 trust management mechanisms including initial trust value, trust evaluation, trust renewal, trust inheritance are designed. In the trust evaluation mechanism as the core of the model, System cloud grey model (1,1) weighted Markov prediction model is introduced to obtain real-time trust based on the historical behavior of device nodes, and 4 indexes, namely benign message ratio, loyal forwarding ratio, forwarding ratio stationarity coefficient, packet rate stationarity coefficient, are introduced to distinguish malicious devices from normal devices. Finally, the simulation test results of 5 security functions and security costs show that the proposed architecture can solve port scanning, traffic monitoring, topology detection, loop attack, and DoS attack of SR network data plane with an average access delay cost of 2.84 s for each new network agent, and realize multi-faceted protection of SR network data plane. 

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A data plane security model of segmented routing based on SDP trust enhancement architecture

Volatile topology is the basic nature of MANET. Haphazardly, the nodes may move which makes and breaks connection between nodes. Because of this nature, providing quality of service (QoS) is a challenging task. For the applications that use real-time data packets delivery, quality of service (QoS) has to be provisioned. This paper discusses a technique to provide QoS in a heterogeneous network with multipath routing is given. The multipath routes are to be discovered primarily using the parameters such as delay, channel occupation, link quality and residual energy. To choose the best routes between the originating node and the target node, a fuzzy logic mechanism is used. This Fuzzy-based multi-parameter and multipath QoS routing (FMMQR) find out the optimal path for data transmission between the two nodes. This technique gives better performance than some of the existing method. The simulation experiments prove our Fuzzy-based multi-parameter and multipath QoS routing (FMMQR) performs better than other methods. 

QoS Provisioning in MANET Using Fuzzy-Based Multifactor Multipath Routing Metric

Abstract Vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communications have been widely employed to ameliorate a variety of transportation-related issues in cities, the most significant of which being traffic congestion. The inefficient utilization of resources in vehicle infrastructure is frequently the source of a great deal of traffic congestion. Furthermore, due to its high dynamic nature, incorporating traffic congestion into vehicular traffic decision-making is difficult. In this paper, V2V communications will be implemented as an intelligent transportation systems (ITS) safety mechanism solution to solve these traffic congestion problems. The proposed mechanism is applied over integration between AODV (Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector) as one of the best topology-based routing protocols with one of geographic-based routing protocols to overcome OADV limitations. As AODV floods the network with control messages to find a path to the target, and the network is going to host a high volume of control packets. So the proposed method will use Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates to search the region where a path to the target is likely to be found. As this paper describes the efforts to create a hybrid model that combines a typical reactive routing protocol with a geographic one, there will be two steps to identify the proposed ITS network. In first Phase: Choose the most functioning Geographic routing protocol on the V2V simulation environment. In the second Phase: Integrate this suggested Geographic routing protocol with ADOV protocol to implement ITS architectures. The RIVERBED modulator and NS2 simulator will be utilized to choose the best routing protocol. Based on the paper’s key performance indicators simulation results, Distance-Vector-Based Recovery-Strategy (PBR-DV) geographic routing protocol is selected to integrate with AODV routing protocol. Comparing the proposed method with the independent use of AODV, it demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method in overcoming all the problems related to resource scarcity and geographical obstacles.

Design and implementation of a safety algorithm on V2V routing protocol

Ad hoc network is a special network with centerless and dynamic topology. Due to the free mobility of the nodes, routing security has been a bottleneck problem that plagues its development. Therefore, a multi-path QoS (quality of service) routing security algorithm based on blockchain by improving the traditional AODV (ad hoc on-demand distance vector) protocol (AODV-MQS) is proposed. Firstly, a chain of nodes is established in the network and the states of all nodes by making the intermediate nodes on the chain are saved. Secondly, the smart contract in the blockchain is set to filter out the nodes that meet the QoS constraints. Finally, two largest unrelated communication paths are found in the blockchain network through smart contract, one of which is the main path and the other is the standby path. Simulation experiments show that the performance of the proposed algorithm is better than other algorithms, especially in an unsafe environment.

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Liang Huang

Papers

An improved AODV routing security algorithm based on blockchain technology in ad hoc network