Keywords: Photomedicine group Reference LPAS-ARTICLE-1998-003View record in Web of Science Record created on 2007-07-20, modified on 2016-08-08

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1998.tb02521.x

In Vivo Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Imaging for Oncological Applications

Diagnostic techniques based on optical spectroscopy have the potential to link the biochemical and morphological properties of tissues to individual patient care. In particular, these techniques are fast, noninvasive and quantitative. Furthermore, they can be used to elucidate key tissue features, such as the cellular metabolic rate, vascularity, intravascular oxygenation and alterations in tissue morphology. These tissue features can be interpreted to shed light on a variety of clinical problems, such as precancerous and cancerous growth and atherosclerosis. The goal of this report is to review the development and application of optical spectroscopy in the ultraviolet (UV) and visible (VIS) spectral regions, as a diagnostic tool in clinical applications. A particular emphasis is placed on steady-state, UV/VIS fluorescence spectroscopy for the detection of precancers and cancers, in vivo.

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Fluorescence Spectroscopy In Vivo

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is finding increasing application to a number of malignant tumors. It is based on the specific photosensitization of malignant tissue by a particular porphyrin derived from hematoporphyrin, known as Photofrin II. The exact structure at present is unknown. However this material, following systemic injection, is retained longer in malignant tissue than in many normal tissues and can be activated by visible light, usually red, to initiate a lethal phototoxic effect on the tumor. It is a particularly useful treatment when specificity is necessary in treatment, for example in treatment of widespread chest wall metastasis, bladder cancer and early lesions of the bronchus, trachea and esophagus, including CIS.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) of malignant tumors.

The origins of light as a therapy in medicine and surgery are traced from antiquity to the modern day. Phototherapy began in ancient Greece, Egypt and India but disappeared for many centuries, only being rediscovered by Western civilization at the beginning of the twentieth century through the Dane, Niels Finsen, and the Germans Oscar Raab and Herman von Tappeiner. The discovery of the tumour-localizing ability of haematoporphyrin, together with its phototoxic effect on tumour cells led to the development of photodynamic therapy, a promising tool in modern cancer treatment.

A history of photodynamic therapy.

Non-invasive fluorescence imaging has the potential to provide in vivo diagnostic information for many clinical specialities. Techniques have been developed over the years for simple ocular observations following UV excitation to sophisticated spectroscopic imaging using advanced equipment. Much of the impetus for research on fluorescence imaging for tissue diagnostics has come from parallel developments in photodynamic therapy of malignant lesions with fluorescent photosensitizers. However, the fluorescence of endogenous molecules (tissue autofluorescence) also plays an important role in most applications. In this paper, the possibilities of imaging tissues using fluorescence spectroscopy as a mean of tissue characterization are discussed. The various imaging techniques for extracting diagnostic information suggested in the literature are reviewed. The development of exogenous fluorophores for this purpose is also presented. Finally, the present status of clinical evaluation and future directions are discussed.

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Lipson Rl

Papers

Hematoporphyrine derivative for detection of cervical cancer.