Brian Thompson is a Senior Nutrition Officer at the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). FAO is an intergovernmental organization, it has 191 Member Nations, two associate members and one member organization, the European Union. As a knowledge organization, FAO creates and shares critical information about food, agriculture and natural resources in the form of global public goods. FAO plays a connector role, through identifying and working with different partners with established expertise, and facilitating a dialogue between those who have the knowledge and those who need it. By turning knowledge into action, FAO links the field to national, regional and global initiatives in a mutually reinforcing cycle. Its mandate is to raise levels of nutrition and standards of living. What is the size of the malnutrition problem and what regions are most affected? There are persistently high levels of undernutrition. Nearly 870 million people in the world go to bed hungry (1 in 8 people) according to the recently released report of The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2012 (SOFI) and 2 billion have some form of micronutrient malnutrition – this constitutes a crime against humanity and is a responsibility for all of us. Prevalence of undernourishment in developing countries has declined over the past two decades, from 23 to 15 percent. In terms of total numbers in 1990– 92, around 980 million individuals were estimated to be undernourished. The number dropped to 901 million in 1999– 2001, to 885 million in 2006–06 and to 852 million in 2007–09. The financial crisis, economic downturn, persistent food price volatility, drought and other repercussions of climate change since 2006–08 may have prevented any further significant improvements in the number of people who are undernourished in developing countries since then. Africa has by far the highest prevalence, at around 23 percent in 2010–12 but though it is down from what it was in 1990–92 (27 percent) the numbers have risen from 175 million to 239 million with nearly 20 million added in the past four years. In subSaharan Africa, the modest progress achieved in recent years up to 2007 was reversed, with hunger rising 2 percent per year since then. In Asia, both prevalence and numbers dropped over the same period from 24 percent (739 million) to 14 percent (563 million). Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) boasts the lowest rate of undernourishment (8 percent) among developing country regions but the rate of progress has slowed recently. Countries considered as leastdeveloped countries and lowincome economies have the highest prevalence rates of all around 30 percent but down from the 40 percent levels of twenty years ago.

Interview ラン・ラン

After the abolition of slavery in 1831, plantation owners in the British colonies of the Caribbean, facing bankruptcy, sought a replacement for their abundant and cheap African labour in the form o...

Coolie woman: the odyssey of indenture

Tomorrow is another day???or is it?

This essay examines the trope of indianite in Ernest Moutoussamy's collection of poems A la recherche de l'Inde perdue. These poems focus on the Indian crossing of the black waters of the Atlantic popularly known as kala pani, the trauma of exile and displacement, interrogations of identity in the Caribbean islands, as well as the important presence of women who were an integral, albeit minority, constituency in this migrating labor diaspora. Moutoussamy establishes the primacy of the female voice to show how kala pani women negotiated the oceanic crossings from India to Guadeloupe in literature. These poems highlight the ‘jahaji bahin principle’, an ethos of diasporic sisterhood and subjectivity created by the women. I will also show how the intersections between memory, gender, and the oceanic crossing represent exilic tropes that engender a feminized reading of indianite in Moutoussamy's work.

Inscribing kala pani in Ernest Moutoussamy's A la recherche de l'Inde perdue

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Of Age And Innocence

In this essay, the study of Indo-Caribbean writing is expanded beyond its customary focus on the Anglophone region to explore representations of Caribbean Indianness in the literary works of two Francophone Guadeloupean writers, Maryse Conde and Ernest Moutoussamy. The essay examines the ways in which each author points up the shortcomings of creolization discourse when it comes to accounting for the experiences of Indo-Caribbean subjects. Also at stake is how Conde and Moutoussamy deploy the theoretical positionings of the Indianite and coolitude movements to better elucidate the elided experiences of Indians in Guadeloupe.

L'Inde Perdue, L'Inde Retrouvée (India lost, India found): representations of Francophone Indo-Caribbeans in Maryse Condé's Crossing the mangrove and Ernest Moutoussamy's A la recherche de l'Inde perdue

Lisa Outar

Papers

L'Inde Perdue, L'Inde Retrouvée (India lost, India found): representations of Francophone Indo-Caribbeans in Maryse Condé's Crossing the mangrove and Ernest Moutoussamy's A la recherche de l'Inde perdue