Review of the proton exchange membranes for fuel cell applications

Conducting polymers prepared by oxidative polymerization: polyaniline

The design and fabrication of three-dimensional multifunctional architectures from the appropriate nanoscale building blocks, including the strategic use of void space and deliberate disorder as design components, permits a re-examination of devices that produce or store energy as discussed in this critical review. The appropriate electronic, ionic, and electrochemical requirements for such devices may now be assembled into nanoarchitectures on the bench-top through the synthesis of low density, ultraporous nanoarchitectures that meld high surface area for heterogeneous reactions with a continuous, porous network for rapid molecular flux. Such nanoarchitectures amplify the nature of electrified interfaces and challenge the standard ways in which electrochemically active materials are both understood and used for energy storage. An architectural viewpoint provides a powerful metaphor to guide chemists and materials scientists in the design of energy-storing nanoarchitectures that depart from the hegemony of periodicity and order with the promise—and demonstration—of even higher performance (265 references).

Multifunctional 3D nanoarchitectures for energy storage and conversion.

https://www.rsc.org/suppdata/CC/b8/b821805f/b821805f.pdf

Non-covalent functionalization of graphene sheets by sulfonated polyaniline

Polyaniline is one of the most important conducting and responsive polymers. A molecular mechanism for the oxidation of aniline is proposed. This mechanism explains the specific features of aniline oligomerization and polymerization in various acidity ranges. The formation of polyaniline precipitates, colloids and thin films is reviewed and discussed on the basis of the chemistry of aniline oxidation. The generation of nanostructures, i.e. granules, nanotubes, nanowires and microspheres, is also considered. Oligomers containing phenazine constitutional units play an important role in self-assembly to form templates. Polyaniline chains then grow from these templates and produce the various individual morphologies. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry

The mechanism of the oxidative polymerization of aniline and the formation of supramolecular polyaniline structures

Polyaniline as an electrocatalytic material

Polymer-dimer distribution in the electrochemical synthesis of polyaniline

Counter-ion and pH effect on the electrochemical synthesis of polyaniline

The influence of counter-ions on nucleation and growth of electrochemically synthesized polyaniline film

Electrochemical synthesis of polyaniline (PANI) was carried out under cyclovoltammetric conditions using H2SO4, HCl, HNO3, and HClO4 as supporting electrolytes. The observed different rate of PANI deposit growth depending on the acid in the solution has been explained on the grounds of a different degree of specific adsorption for particular anion. It has been found that morphology of the deposit depends greatly upon the anion present in the solution. Thus, PANI synthesized from the solution of oxyacids results in a dense sponge-like structure while PANI from the hydrochloric acid solution results in a spaghetti-like structure. The structure of the deposit influences the conductivity, being higher for a dense deposit from oxyacid solutions and three orders of magnitude lower in case of a deposit from hydrochloric acid solution. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Ljerka Duić

Papers

Polyaniline as an electrocatalytic material

Polymer-dimer distribution in the electrochemical synthesis of polyaniline

Counter-ion and pH effect on the electrochemical synthesis of polyaniline

The influence of counter-ions on nucleation and growth of electrochemically synthesized polyaniline film

The effect of supporting electrolyte on the electrochemical synthesis, morphology, and conductivity of polyaniline