Characterization of Lithium Intercalation Processes of PAN-based Carbon Fibers in a Microelectrode System

Abstract A novel heat exchanger medium, a high-porosity (0.938) lattice-frame material (LFM), has been introduced for possible use in mechanically and thermally loaded heat exchanger applications. The LFM is made up of circular cylinders, forming tetrahedral unit cells. This paper describes the results of experiments and numerical simulation leading to a detailed understanding of the flow structure, pressure loss and heat transfer mechanisms. It is shown that the circular LFM struts are responsible for approximately 85 per cent of the overall pressure losses in the unit cell by means of form drag at high Reynolds number. The LFM causes heat removal from the substrate by promoting flow mixing and also contributes to the overall heat transfer by convection from the strut surfaces. If a high thermal conductivity material is used, the strut and substrate contribute 57 and 43 per cent respectively of the total heat transfer. Steady numerical simulations show that a porosity of approximately 0.8 provides the best heat transfer performance for a fixed mass flowrate. However, the pressure loss monotonically increases as the porosity decreases within a range of porosity, 0.7 ≤ ε ≤ 0.938.

Pressure loss and heat transfer mechanisms in a lattice-frame

Mechanical and functional properties of metamaterials could be simultaneously manipulated via their architectures. This study proposes multifunctional metamaterials possessing both load-bearing capacity and energy storage capability, comprising multi-phase lattice metamaterial and cylindrical battery cells. Defect phase are incorporated into the metamaterials, which are then printed with stainless steel powder. The printed metamaterials are assembled with battery cells and compressed. Experimental results revealed that the voids in the lattice metamaterials, could guide deformation mode away from the internal battery cell that postponed the emergence of battery short-circuit. Effects of void phase pattern and content are discussed by simulation. We found that the multifunctional system could absorb greater energy after defect phase incorporation, as designed with proper void phase pattern and content. Also, these findings are further validated for the system with six battery cells. This study demonstrated how to design an energy-storage metamaterials with enhanced mechanical properties and battery safety simultaneously. Also, defect engineering was helpful for battery protection and energy absorption of the multifunctional system.

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Safe energy-storage mechanical metamaterials via architecture design

The realm of sustainable technologies and metamaterials represents a vibrant field of inquiry, and, upon closer examination, a fascinating correlation emerges. Metamaterials, being artificially engineered substances, exhibit diverse characteristics, depending on their specific composition. Remarkably, they hold immense potential in various sustainability-driven applications, such as energy harvesting, purification, and noise control. For instance, a straightforward approach involves the implementation of electromagnetic metamaterial absorbers in energy harvesting systems. As the scope of environmental concerns continues to expand, this proposed solution demonstrates its universal applicability, addressing a growing number of environmental challenges.

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Lubing Wang

Papers

Novel Lightweight and Protective Battery System Based on Mechanical Metamaterials