It is important to know the road traffic density real time especially in mega cities for signal control and effective traffic management. In recent years, video monitoring and surveillance systems have been widely used in traffic management. Hence, traffic density estimation and vehicle classification can be achieved using video monitoring systems. In most vehicle detection methods in the literature, only the detection of vehicles in frames of the given video is emphesized. However, further analysis is needed in order to obtain the useful information for traffic management such as real time traffic density and number of vehicle types passing these roads. This paper presents vehicle classification and traffic density calculation methods using neural networks. The paper also reports results from real traffic videos obtained from Istanbul Traffic Management Company (ISBAK).

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Automatic Traffic Density Estimation and Vehicle Classification for Traffic Surveillance Systems Using Neural Networks

The need for controlling and effectively managing credit risk has led financial institutions to excel in improving techniques designed for this purpose, resulting in the development of various quantitative models by financial institutions and consulting companies. Hence, the growing number of academic studies about credit scoring shows a variety of classification methods applied to discriminate good and bad borrowers. This paper, therefore, aims to present a systematic literature review relating theory and application of binary classification techniques for credit scoring financial analysis. The general results show the use and importance of the main techniques for credit rating, as well as some of the scientific paradigm changes throughout the years.

Classification methods applied to credit scoring: A systematic review and overall comparison

二次正則化分類学習のためのLeave-one-out cross-validationの高速化

Disease mapping is the field of spatial epidemiology interested in estimating the spatial pattern in disease risk across [Formula: see text] areal units. One aim is to identify units exhibiting elevated disease risks, so that public health interventions can be made. Bayesian hierarchical models with a spatially smooth conditional autoregressive prior are used for this purpose, but they cannot identify the spatial extent of high-risk clusters. Therefore, we propose a two-stage solution to this problem, with the first stage being a spatially adjusted hierarchical agglomerative clustering algorithm. This algorithm is applied to data prior to the study period, and produces [Formula: see text] potential cluster structures for the disease data. The second stage fits a separate Poisson log-linear model to the study data for each cluster structure, which allows for step-changes in risk where two clusters meet. The most appropriate cluster structure is chosen by model comparison techniques, specifically by minimizing the Deviance Information Criterion. The efficacy of the methodology is established by a simulation study, and is illustrated by a study of respiratory disease risk in Glasgow, Scotland.

Identifying clusters in Bayesian disease mapping

Presents different approaches to discrimination and classification problems from a statistical perspective. Provides computer projects concentrating on the most widely used and important algorithms, numerical examples, and theoretical questions reinforce to further develop the ideas introduced in the text.

Discrimination and Classification.

An algorithm for the recognition of levels of congestion in road traffic problems

In this paper, we propose a model for image segmentation based on a finite mixture of Gaussian distributions. For each pixel of the image, prior probabilities of class memberships are specified through a Gibbs distribution, where association between labels of adjacent pixels is modeled by a class-specific term allowing for different interaction strengths across classes. We show how model parameters can be estimated in a maximum likelihood framework using Mean Field theory. Experimental performance on perturbed phantom and on real benchmark images shows that the proposed method performs well in a wide variety of empirical situations.

A finite mixture model for image segmentation

A vast literature has recently been concerned with the analysis of variation in disease counts recorded across geographical areas with the aim of detecting clusters of regions with homogeneous behavior. Most of the proposed modeling approaches have been discussed for the univariate case and only very recently spatial models have been extended to predict more than one outcome simultaneously. In this paper we extend the standard finite mixture models to the analysis of multiple, spatially correlated, counts. Dependence among outcomes is modeled using a set of correlated random effects and estimation is carried out by numerical integration through an EM algorithm without assuming any specific parametric distribution for the random effects. The spatial structure is captured by the use of a Gibbs representation for the prior probabilities of component membership through a Strauss-like model. The proposed model is illustrated using real data.

Finite Mixture Models for Mapping Spatially Dependent Disease Counts

A Optimal Subclass Detection Method for Credit Scoring

The aim of this paper is to present a fully automatic adaptive k-means segmentation algorithm for MR Images in a 3D space. We model the gray scale values of the 3D image with a White Gaussian Process and superimpose a prior model on the region process in the form of Markov Random Field. These assumptions require the use of estimators for the parameters of the two processes. This has been carried out using decreasing size windows.

Luciano Nieddu

Papers

An algorithm for the recognition of levels of congestion in road traffic problems

A finite mixture model for image segmentation

Finite Mixture Models for Mapping Spatially Dependent Disease Counts

A Optimal Subclass Detection Method for Credit Scoring

Automatic 3D Image Segmentation Using Adaptive k -means on Brain MRI