Delivery of metallic combustion catalysts to internal combustion engines and other combustion devices is improved by dosing units that have the ability to effect the slow and positive supply of metallic additives, including platinum and/or cerium containing catalyst compositions, to fuel. The invention provides additive dosing materials and methods for simply and effectively supplying catalytic metal fuel additives to fuel in suitable low concentrations as are effective. The dosing units can be used with devices made to contact diesel fuel. In one approach, a catalytic metal additive concentrate (CMAC) is prepared in normally solid, semisolid or viscous form. The CMAC will preferably be encapsulated with a solid polymer. The encapsulation can be accomplished by embedding or dispersing the CMAC in a suitable polymer. If desired, the CMAC can be dispersed in one polymer and then the resulting composite can be embedded in the same or a different polymer. In an alternative form, a dosing unit can comprise a semisolid CMAC, which could be similarly held in contact with flowing fuel.

Catalytic metal additive concentrate and method of making and using

A catalytically active surface is provided on the clean, combustion-exposed parts of an internal combustion engine that is green, has low operating hours, or is of modern, low emission design. A substrate or thermal barrier coat of high surface area and preferably capable of maintaining a surface temperature of at least 450 °C is deposited in the combustion chamber. Zirconia, silica, or lube oil ash are suitable. A catalytically active moiety such as platinum or iron is dispersed in, on, or with the combustion facing surface of the substrate. Nanophase iron from ferrocene or nanophase platinum are suitable. Catalytic action is maintained by continuously providing a low level of catalytic precursor to the engine in the combustion charge.

Method for providing and maintaining catalytically active surface in internal combustion engine

A method of reducing piston deposits, smoke or wear in a diesel engine. The method involves the step of running the engine on fuel comprising an oil soluble iron carboxylate or iron complex that includes Fe3+.

A method of reducing piston deposits, smoke or wear in a diesel engine

Polymer composites and polymer nanocomposites are designed and manufactured by choosing surface-modified fillers having a solid surface energy matching the solid surface energy of the polymer, wherein the advancing contact angle of the polymer on the surface-modified filler is less than about 5 degrees The fillers are surface-modified by adsorption of amorphous polymeric surfactants, consisting of either mono-modal, bimodal, or multi-modal size distribution The surface-modified fillers of this invention display a measurable yield stress and a viscosity of about 30000 Pa-s or less at room temperature, and comprise one or more materials selected from the group consisting of minerals, plant material, animal material, carbon fiber, graphite, amorphous carbon, carbon nanotubes, and glass fiber This invention also provides a method for manufacturing a polymer nanocomposite which includes exfoliating an amorphous organoclay in a crystalline or semi-crystalline polymer by melt compounding the constituents in the absence of added solvents, activators, edge-modifiers, compatibilizers, or hydrotropes

Polymer composites, polymer nanocomposites and methods

The operation of marine diesel engines is improved through use of a defined fuel composition, containing one or more additives comprising a methal detergent, a non-metal detergent or both. The fuel is supplied to Diesel engines which operate in a maximum speed range of 1000 rpm (4-stroke engine) respectively 2500 rpm (2-stroke engine). The power output is greater than 200 bph. The cylinder bore is greater than 100 mm (2-stroke engine) while the piston stroke shall be greater than 150 mm (4-stroke engine) respectively greater than 120 mm (2-stroke engine). The metal containing detergent is a neutral calcium sulfonate, salicylate or calcium phenate. The non-metal containing detergent is a hydrocarbyl succinimide.

Process for operating diesel engines

A process for reducing carbonaceous deposits caused by the combustion of heavy fuel oil in high-compression, spontaneous-ignition internal combustion engines involves adding an additive such as ferrocene or ethyl ferrocene to a heavy fuel oil having a density of 0.9 to 1.01 kg/dm 3 in an amount of 1 to 100 ppm prior to combustion of the fuel oil and combusting the fuel oil in the high-compression, spontaneous-ignition internal combustion engine. The additive is dissolved in the heavy fuel oil.

Use of ferrocene

The invention relates to a pumpable paste as an additive for liquid fuels with fuel-soluble additives bonded into the paste and an addition process. It is thereby possible to insert the additive for any fuel not during its production or delivery nor even when it is finally supplied, but only direclty into the inlet pipe to the combustion chamber or engine in easily and properly metered quantities.

Pumpable paste as an additive for liquid fuels

Beschrieben wird die Verwendung von Ferrocen und/oder Ferrocenderivaten als Zusatz (Additiv) zu Verbrennungsmotor-Kraftstoffen schwerer Qualitat fur hochverdichtende, selbstzundende Motoren. Durch diese Masnahme werden Funktionsbeintrachtigungen durch Ablagerungen an nachgeschalteten Aggregaten reduziert.

Verwendung von Ferrocen

Die Erfindung betrifft eine pumpfahige Paste zur Additiverung von flussigen Kraftstoffen mit im Kraftstoff loslichen Additiven, die in die Paste eingebunden sind, sowie ein zugehoriges Verfahren zur Additivierung Hierdurch kann das Additiv jedem beliebigen Kraftstoff nicht schon bei dessen Herstellung bzw Auslieferung und auch nicht bei dessen letzter Bevorratung, sondern erst unmittelbar in der Zuleitung zur Brennkammer bzw zum Motor in einfach und gut dosierbarer Weise zugegeben werden

Pumpfähige paste zur additivierung flüssiger kraftstoffe

SE DESCRIBE LA UTILIZACION DE FERROCENO Y/O DERIVADOS DE FERROCENO COMO ADITIVOS A COMBUSTIBLES PESADOS PARA ALTA COMPRESION EN MOTORES DE COMBUSTION INTERNA DE AUTOIGNICION ESTAS MEDIDAS REDUCEN EL EMPEORAMIENTO FUNCIONAL QUE RESULTA A PARTIR DE LAS UNIDADES DE SEDIMENTACION CONECTADAS A CONTINUACION

Luetzen Christian

Papers

Use of ferrocene

Pumpable paste as an additive for liquid fuels

Verwendung von Ferrocen

Pumpfähige paste zur additivierung flüssiger kraftstoffe

Uso de ferroceno.