The role of natural vegetation strips in sugarcane monocultures: Ant and bird functional diversity responses

Sugar cane is one of the main crops in the state of Tabasco, Mexico, with a planted area of 27,041 ha, contributing 4 % of the national sugar production and ranking third in acreage at national level. This research aimed to identify main socioeconomic and technological factors influencing yields in sugar cane at Benito Juarez sugar mill factory (BJSMF). A total of 150 growers were interviewed, whose information was analyzed with descriptive statistics. Relevant socioeconomic characteristics were age (51 % growers were 50 to 70 years old); school attendance (40 % coursed primary school); lack of family labor, among others. Relevant technological issues were the higher yields in a smaller area planted with variety MEX 79-431, mean yields ranged from 50 to 60 t ha-1, commonly applied fertilizers are based on the formula known as triple 17 by 30 % of growers and the 20-10-10 fertilizer mix is used by 26 %. The lack of technical advisory access was reported by 58 % of them.

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SOCIOECONOMIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS IN SUGAR CANE (Saccharum officinarum L.) AGROECOSYSTEMS PRODUCTION IN CHONTALPA, TABASCO

Â The aim of this study was to determine the sugar cane farmers' perception and attitude regarding the use of filter cake compost and vinasse in the cultivation of sugar cane. Interviewed; 24 farmers that applied compost, another 50 farmers that used vinasse, and another to 50 farmers who did no use any of the two products. The statistical analyses included multidimensional analysis; factor and frequency analysis; and averages, which were carried out using Statistica 7.0. The results indicate that the 65 % of applied compost producers who have a negative perception and attitude of 2.9 (negative). Also, 68 % who applied vinasse, had a negative perception and an attitude of 2.4 (negative). Producers who did not apply these two products, the 70 % had a positive perception of compost and negative perception towards the vinasse (63 %). Besides, the attitude was 3.5 (positive) and 2.1 (negative) to the use of compost and vinasse, respectively. It can be concluded that the negative perception and attitude towards the use of compost and vinasse is due to the inadequate management and the factory.

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Percepción y actitud de productores cañeros sobre la composta de cachaza y vinaza

Con la finalidad de evaluar los efectos del uso de suelo con cana de azucar sobre la macrofauna, mesofauna y microflora en el municipio de Ursulo Galvan, Veracruz, se comparo la abundancia, riqueza y diversidad de grupos de organismos entre suelos con cana, pasto y vegetacion nativa. Nuestros resultados indicaron que el suelo con cana de azucar fue menos nocivo para la biodiversidad edafica que el suelo con pasto y que no tuvo diferencias significativas en relacion al suelo con vegetacion nativa. Los grupos de organismos y microorganismos variaron entre los usos del suelo. La abundancia de la mayoria de los grupos de macro y mesofauna correspondieron a suelo con vegetacion nativa, y de grupos como Isoptera, Chilopoda y Diplura correspondieron a suelo con cana de azucar. Las bacterias fueron separadas especificamente por sus funciones, el suelo con cana de azucar registro mayor correspondencia hacia bacterias solubilizadoras de fosforo en comparacion al suelo con vegetacion nativa, el cual correspondio mas a bacterias fijadoras de nitrogeno. Se considera necesario realizar mas investigaciones para vincular las respuestas biologicas con otros indicadores de calidad del suelo, con la finalidad de evaluar practicas de manejo que puedan minimizar los posibles efectos perjudiciales del cultivo de cana de azucar sobre la biota del suelo.

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Fauna y microflora edáfica asociada a diferentes usos de suelo

Introduction: The diversity of macro-arthropods is related to the state of disturbance of the soil, caused mainly by the change of land use for agricultural activities. A strategy for the conservation of these organisms is the implementation of diversified production systems such as silvopastoral systems, however; In the southeast of Mexico, information is still limited. Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the richness, abundance of macro-arthropods in four contrasting agro-ecosystems: two silvopastoral systems made of Leucaena leucocephalaand associated pastures (i.e. Panicum maximumcv mombaza and Cynodon plectostachyus), a pasture of Brachiaria brizanthawith scattered trees in low density and, a medium-stature forest. Methods: For this, the pit-fall traps were used, which consisted of plastic containers of one liter capacity and a diameter of 14.4 cm. The samplings were made in two periods: one in the month of February and another in the month of May 2018, in each month there were five spaced collections, which made a total of 100 samples. Results: A total of 1 737 organisms belonging to 14 species of 11 genera were collected. The systems with the greater abundance of macro-arthropods were the system of medium-stature forest (923 individuals) and the silvopastoral system of L. leucocephalawith C. plectostachyus(354 individuals). The most abundant genera were: Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Aracnidos and Orthoptera. The greatest diversity of macro-arthropods occurred in the silvopastoral systems of L. leucocephalawith P. maximum(H '= 1.586) and L. leucocephalawith C. plectostachyus(H' = 1.441). Conclusions: The results show that livestock systems managed with woody components (trees or shrubs) can be equated, in terms of abundance and diversity of macro-arthropods, with systems such as tropical forests, which contributes to the integrity and functionality of the agro-ecosystems.

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Diversidad de macro-artrópodos en sistemas silvopastoriles del sur de Quintana Roo

Resumen es: Este estudio describe la calidad del suelo en terminos de macrofauna edafica en agroecosistemas de mango y cana de azucar (reciente y persistente) en la ...

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Macrofauna edáfica asociada a plantaciones de mango y caña de azúcar

El objetivo de esta investigacion fue conocer la actitud de los productores del mango y cana de azucar hacia el cambio de uso de suelo, en la region Golfo centro de Veracruz, Mexico. La metodologia fue propuesta para analizar la actitud con la tecnica de Likert, combinando aspectos sociales y agro-ecologicos, a traves de enunciados sociales, ambientales y economicos. Los productores (n=90) de siete ejidos se estratificaron en tres grupos: mango, cana reciente y cana persistente. Los resultados demuestran actitud positiva alta (3.95) hacia el cambio de uso del suelo, significativamente mayor (ANDEVA F=3.69; p=0.03) para los productores de cana reciente comparados con los productores del mango (3.79). En contraste, los productores de cana persistente presentaron actitud similar (3.85) comparada con los productores de mango. Usando el analisis multivariado basado en las dimensiones sociales, ambientales, economicas y autoevaluacion prospectiva - retrospectiva, se identificaron tres grupos: rechazo-rechazo, aceptacion-rechazo y aceptacion-aceptacion.

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Actitud hacia el cambio de uso de suelo en la región golfo centro de veracruz, méxico

SUMMARY This study describes the structure of soil fauna communities associated with mango and sugar cane (recent and persistent) agroecosystems in the central region of Veracruz, Mexico. Non destructive samplings were made through counting by direct observation. The parameters measured were: abundance and diversity of invertebrates (Simpson’s and Shannon Diversity index) and physic and chemicals characteristics of soil. The greater frequency of invertebrates appeared in mango (40%) and persistent cane (37%) and was smaller in recent cane (24%). A positive correlation between richness of invertebrates with organic matter of horizon A was found (r = 0.60, P ³ 0,031). No statistical difference was found among diversity and abundance of ants and annelids due to the tolerance of edafic macrofauna to the agronomic management of sugar cane plantation. It can be concluded that the type of agroecosystem (mango or sugar cane) did not have significant effect in the incidence and abundance of soil fauna, specially earthworms, thermites and miriapodos. In addition, earthworms in mango plantation constitute the main reference of soil quality, also explained by contents of organic matter (3.98%).

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Luis Alfonso Ojeda-Enciso

Papers

Macrofauna edáfica asociada a plantaciones de mango y caña de azúcar

Actitud hacia el cambio de uso de suelo en la región golfo centro de veracruz, méxico

MACROFAUNA EDÁFICA ASOCIADA A PLANTACIONES DE MANGO Y CAÑA DE AZÚCAR Edafic Macrofauna Associated with Mango and Sugar Cane Plantations