OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of arterial hypertension and obesity and the population attributable fraction of hypertension that is due to obesity in Brazilian adolescents. METHODS Data from participants in the Brazilian Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA), which was the first national school-based, cross-section study performed in Brazil were evaluated. The sample was divided into 32 geographical strata and clusters from 32 schools and classes, with regional and national representation. Obesity was classified using the body mass index according to age and sex. Arterial hypertension was defined when the average systolic or diastolic blood pressure was greater than or equal to the 95th percentile of the reference curve. Prevalences and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) of arterial hypertension and obesity, both on a national basis and in the macro-regions of Brazil, were estimated by sex and age group, as were the fractions of hypertension attributable to obesity in the population. RESULTS We evaluated 73,399 students, 55.4% female, with an average age of 14.7 years (SD = 1.6). The prevalence of hypertension was 9.6% (95%CI 9.0-10.3); with the lowest being in the North, 8.4% (95%CI 7.7-9.2) and Northeast regions, 8.4% (95%CI 7.6-9.2), and the highest being in the South, 12.5% (95%CI 11.0-14.2). The prevalence of obesity was 8.4% (95%CI 7.9-8.9), which was lower in the North region and higher in the South region. The prevalences of arterial hypertension and obesity were higher in males. Obese adolescents presented a higher prevalence of hypertension, 28.4% (95%CI 25.5-31.2), than overweight adolescents, 15.4% (95%CI 17.0-13.8), or eutrophic adolescents, 6.3% (95%CI 5.6-7.0). The fraction of hypertension attributable to obesity was 17.8%. CONCLUSIONS ERICA was the first nationally representative Brazilian study providing prevalence estimates of hypertension in adolescents. Regional and sex differences were observed. The study indicates that the control of obesity would lower the prevalence of hypertension among Brazilian adolescents by 1/5.

/pdf/erica-prevalences-of-hypertension-and-obesity-in-brazilian-enry0yvb65.pdf

ERICA: prevalences of hypertension and obesity in Brazilian adolescents

Familial Hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is the commonest autosomal
co-dominantly inherited condition affecting man It is caused
by mutation in one of three genes, encoding the low-density lipoprotein
(LDL) receptor, or the gene for apolipoprotein B (which is
the major protein component of the LDL particle), or in the gene
coding for PCSK9 (which is involved in the degradation of the LDLreceptor
during its cellular recycling) These mutations result in
impaired LDL metabolism, leading to life-long elevations in LDLcholesterol
(LDL-C) and development of premature atherosclerotic
cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) [1e3] If left untreated, the
relative risk of premature coronary artery disease is significantly
higher in heterozygous patients than unaffected individuals, with
most untreated homozygotes developing ASCVD before the age of
20 and generally not surviving past 30 years  Although early
detection and treatment with statins and other LDL-C lowering
therapies can improve survival, FH remains widely underdiagnosed
and undertreated , thereby representing a major global public
health challenge

Familial hypercholesterolaemia: a global call to arms

OBJECTIVE To describe food and macronutrient intake profile and estimate the prevalence of inadequate micronutrient intake of Brazilian adolescents. METHODS Data from 71,791 adolescents aged from 12 to 17 years were evaluated in the 2013-2014 Brazilian Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA). Food intake was estimated using 24-hour dietary recall (24-HDR). A second 24-HDR was collected in a subsample of the adolescents to estimate within-person variability and calculate the usual individual intake. The prevalence of food/food group intake reported by the adolescents was also estimated. For sodium, the prevalence of inadequate intake was estimated based on the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL). The Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) method used as cutoff was applied to estimate the prevalence of inadequate nutrient intake. All the analyses were stratified according to sex, age group and Brazilian macro-regions. All statistical analyses accounted for the sample weight and the complex sampling design. RESULTS Rice, beans and other legume, juice and fruit drinks, breads and meat were the most consumed foods among the adolescents. The average energy intake ranged from 2,036 kcal (girls aged from 12 to 13 years) to 2,582 kcal (boy aged from14 to 17 years). Saturated fat and free sugar intake were above the maximum limit recommended ( 50.0%). Sodium intake was above the UL for more than 80.0% of the adolescents. CONCLUSIONS The diets of Brazilian adolescents were characterized by the intake of traditional Brazilian food, such as rice and beans, as well as by high intake of sugar through sweetened beverages and processed foods. This food pattern was associated with an excessive intake of sodium, saturated fatty acids and free sugar.

https://scielosp.org/article/ssm/content/raw/?resource_ssm_path=/media/assets/rsp/v50s1/0034-8910-rsp-S01518-87872016050006698.pdf

ERICA: intake of macro and micronutrients of Brazilian adolescents

Introduction The Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) describes the clustering of cardio-metabolic risk factors-including abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, elevated blood pressure, high levels of triglycerides, and low levels of high-density lipoproteins-that increase the risk for developing cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, a generally accepted definition of MetS in pediatric patients is still lacking. Objectives The aim was to summarize current prevalence data of childhood MetS as well as to discuss the continuing disagreement between different pediatric definitions and the clinical importance of such diagnosis. Methodology A systematic literature search on the prevalence of pediatric MetS was conducted. Articles that were published during the past 5 years (2014-2019), using at least one of four predetermined classifications (International Diabetes Federation, Cook et al., Ford et al., and de Ferranti et al.), were included. Results The search resulted in 1167 articles, of which 31 publications met all inclusion criteria. Discussion The prevalence of MetS ranged between 0.3 and 26.4%, whereby the rising number of children and adolescents with MetS partly depended on the definition used. The IDF definition generally provided the lowest prevalences (0.3-9.5%), whereas the classification of de Ferranti et al. yielded the highest (4.0-26.4%). In order to develop a more valid definition, further research on long-term consequences of childhood risk factors such as abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia is needed. There is also a temptation to suggest one valid, globally accepted definition of metabolic syndrome for pediatric populations but we believe that it is more appropriate to suggest definitions of MetS that are specific to males vs. females, as well as being specific to race/ethnicity or geographic region. Finally, while this notion of definitions of MetS specific to certain subgroups is important, it still needs to be tested in future research.

/pdf/the-prevalence-of-pediatric-metabolic-syndrome-a-critical-43uq9btxtl.pdf

The prevalence of pediatric metabolic syndrome-a critical look on the discrepancies between definitions and its clinical importance.

OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components in Brazilian adolescents. METHODS We evaluated 37,504 adolescents who were participants in the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA), a cross-sectional, school-based, national study. The adolescents, aged from 12 to 17 years, lived in cities with populations greater than 100,000 inhabitants. The sample was stratified and clustered into schools and classes. The criteria set out by the International Diabetes Federation were used to define metabolic syndrome. Prevalences of metabolic syndrome were estimated according to sex, age group, school type and nutritional status. RESULTS Of the 37,504 adolescents who were evaluated: 50.2% were female; 54.3% were aged from 15 to 17 years, and 73.3% were from public schools. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 2.6% (95%CI 2.3-2.9), slightly higher in males and in those aged from 15 to 17 years in most macro-regions. The prevalence was the highest in residents from the South macro-region, in the younger female adolescents and in the older male adolescents. The prevalence was higher in public schools (2.8% [95%CI 2.4-3.2]), when compared with private schools (1.9% [95%CI 1.4-2.4]) and higher in obese adolescents when compared with nonobese ones. The most common combinations of components, referring to 3/4 of combinations, were: enlarged waist circumference (WC), low HDL-cholesterol (HDL-c) and high blood pressure; followed by enlarged WC, low HDL-c and high triglycerides; and enlarged WC, low HDL-c, high triglycerides and blood pressure. Low HDL was the second most frequent component, but the highest prevalence of metabolic syndrome (26.8%) was observed in the presence of high triglycerides. CONCLUSIONS ERICA is the first Brazilian nation-wide study to present the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and describe the role of its components. Despite the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome being low, the high prevalences of some components and participation of others in the syndrome composition shows the importance of early diagnosis of this changes, even if not grouped within the metabolic syndrome.

/pdf/erica-prevalence-of-metabolic-syndrome-in-brazilian-221ytmezej.pdf

ERICA: prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Brazilian adolescents

Objetivo: Descrever a Percepcao da Imagem Corporal (PIC) de mulheres praticantes de musculacao e a sua relacao com a composicao corporal. Materiais e Metodos: Estudo transversal realizado com 99 mulheres de 18 a 59 anos de idade. Utilizou-se a escala de silhuetas de Stunkard para a avaliacao da PIC. Para a avaliacao da composicao corporal utilizou-se as medidas antropometricas. Para a analise dos dados empregou-se os testes de Correlacao de Pearson, Regressao Linear Multipla e Regressao de Poisson. Resultados: As silhuetas 4 e 6 (24,2%) e a silhueta 4 (42,4%) sao as mais citadas como reais e ideal, respectivamente. A maior parte das mulheres (84,8%) estava insatisfeita com sua PIC real em funcao do excesso de peso (95,7%), percentual de gordura (%G) (92,1%) e circunferencia da cintura (CC) (86,4%). Os modelos de regressao com maior poder de predicao da silhueta real levaram em consideracao a CC (57% de explicacao) e CC, dobra cutânea subescapular (DCSE) e supra-iliaca (DCSI) (60% de explicacao). A Razao de Prevalencia (RP) com a insatisfacao com a PIC 1,650, 1,298 e 1,094 vezes maior nas mulheres classificadas com risco de excesso de gordura geral. Conclusao: A silhueta real e ideal mais citada foi a 4, as correlacoes mais altas com a silhueta real IMC, DCSE, DCSI e CC, na regressao linear multipla a CC explicou em 57% e a CC, DCSE e DCSI 60%. Ocorreu-se a prevalencia geral com a insatisfacao com a PIC alta, associada ao IMC, %G e CC. ABSTRACT Relationship of body composition and image perception in musculation practicing womenObjective: To describe Body Image Perception (PIC) of women practicing bodybuilding and its correlation with body composition. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was performed with 99 women aged 18-59 years. The Stunkard silhouettes scale was used for the evaluation of ICP. The anthropometric measures were used to evaluate the body composition. Data analysis was performed using the Pearson Correlation, Multiple Linear Regression and Poisson Regression tests. Results: The silhouettes 4 and 6 (24.2%) and the silhouette 4 (42.4%) are the most cited as real and ideal, respectively. Most women (84.8%) were dissatisfied with their actual PIC because of overweight (95.7%), fat percentage (% G) (92.1%) and waist circumference (WC) (86.4%). The regression models with greater power of prediction of the real silhouette took into consideration CC (57% of explanation) and CC, subscapular skin fold (DCSE) and supra-iliac (DCSI) (60% of explanation). The Prevalence Ratio (PR) with dissatisfaction with ICP was 1,650, 1,298 and 1,094 times higher in women classified as risk of general excess fat. Conclusion: The highest and most cited ideal silhouette was the 4, the highest correlations with the actual silhouette were IMC, DCSE, DCSI and CC, in the multiple linear regression the CC explained in 57% and DC, DCSE and DCSI 60%. The general prevalence occurred with dissatisfaction with high ICP, associated with BMI,% G and CC.

https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/6987402.pdf

Relação da composição corporal e a percepção da imagem em mulheres praticantes de musculação

/pdf/comportamento-da-atividade-fisica-nas-redes-de-ensino-5ww49lpc1d.pdf

Luis Gonzaga de Oliveira Gonçalves

Papers

Relação da composição corporal e a percepção da imagem em mulheres praticantes de musculação

Comportamento da atividade física nas redes de ensino