Therefore, the seeker after the truth is not one who studies the writings of the ancients and, following his natural disposition, puts his trust in them, but rather the one who suspects his faith in them and questions what he gathers from them, the one who submits to argument and demonstration, and not to the sayings of a human being whose nature is fraught with all kinds of imperfection and de‹ciency. Thus the duty of the man who investigates the writings of scientists, if learning the truth is his goal, is to make himself the enemy of all that he reads, and, applying his mind to the core and margins of its content, attack it from every side. He should also suspect himself as he performs his critical examination of it, so that he may avoid falling into either prejudice or leniency. (Ibn al-Haytham)1

국제정치이론 = Theory of international politics

This seminar is free and open to the public. The findings of The Asia Foundation’s latest Survey of the Afghan People are being released at an important moment for Afghanistan. Crucial questions of security, economic stability, and reconciliation face the administration of President Ashraf Ghani and CEO Abdullah Abdullah. An atmosphere of increasing civilian casualties and unrest threaten the fragile but significant progress the country has made toward peace and prosperity over the past decade.

/pdf/afghanistan-in-2015-a-survey-of-the-afghan-people-3o17yq25e1.pdf

Afghanistan in 2015: a survey of the Afghan people

A state’s security policy, it can be argued, is hard-edged and clear-cut NATO troops are stationed in the Baltic states, or they are not A missile-defence system goes operational in Romania, or i

Russia’s Security Policy under Putin. A Critical Perspective

Expresses the sense of the House of Representatives that: (1) the full realization of the rights of women is vital to the development and well-being of people of all nations; and (2) the Senate should, therefore, give its advice and consent to the ratification of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women.

H.RES.20 - Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that the Senate should ratify the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW).

This article questions dominant analyses about Libya’s present ‘war economy’ and ‘statelessness’, which are often deployed to explain the country’s ongoing destruction. By reinterpreting the histor...

The war and the economy: the gradual destruction of Libya

The main research question of the article is what attitude present the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Collective Security Treaty Organization towards Afghanistan after 2014? A number of detailed questions were also put to help to answer the main question. The article consists of eight chapters. The first chapter discusses the methodological assumptions of the article. Chapter two covers literature review and theoretical framework of the article. The following chapters include an analysis of the approach to Afghanistan of the three indicated international organizations. The article ends with conclusion that contain the main theses.

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Attitudes of nato, sco and csto towards the situation in afghanistan after 2014

The subject of the article is the security and defence policy of Australia in the 2010s in view of the rapidly growing power of the People’s Republic of China. The article analyses issues such as the potential, values, interests and threats of Australia; strategic dimension of Australia’s security and defence policy; Australia’s cooperation with the United States in the context of the rise of China; and Australia’s attitude towards China’s assertive actions in the Asia-Pacific. The aim of the article is to analyse and evaluate Australia’s security and defence policy towards the growing power of China. The main research problem is included in the question of whether Australia adequately and sufficiently responds to the increasing military potential of the Middle Kingdom. The thesis of the article assumes that while the directions of Australian policy are justified, its scale is insufficient. The most important elements in securing interests in the context of China’s growing power is increasing its own defence capabilities and deepening multi-faceted cooperation with allies and partners of the Pacific region. This must be accompanied by caring for the correctness of relations with China and efforts to reduce tensions between the People’s Republic of China and the United States. The article is based on the theory of structural realism of the defensive type. The article uses the method of source text analysis.

/pdf/polityka-bezpieczenstwa-i-obrony-australii-w-drugiej-58poyjsnux.pdf

Polityka bezpieczeństwa i obrony Australii w drugiej dekadzie XXI wieku wobec wzrostu potęgi Chin

The individual parts of the article present cultural, theoretical and legal aspects of the problem, the actual change in the position of Afghan women, the barriers to their emancipation and the opinions of Afghans on selected issues in the area of women’s functioning in society. After completing the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) mission in 2014, the government of President Ashraf Ghani faced major security challenges. There were therefore fears that the issue of women’s rights could be marginalised. These speculations have not been confirmed because the Afghan authorities show determination to reform this area. However, the problem is the implementation of new solutions, especially in areas controlled by the Taliban.

/pdf/the-social-position-of-women-in-afghanistan-after-2014-3z462cbxyu.pdf

The social position of women in Afghanistan after 2014

The aim of this article is to present and analyze the problem of the rivalry between People’s Republic of China and the United States of America in the politico-military dimension in the twentieth and twenty-first century. The text focuses on the main areas of this rivalry. During the Cold War, US -China relations have evolved from hostility to tactical rapprochement directed against a common threat, the Soviet Union. After its end the PRC is contesting American hegemonic leadership, which is the main barrier to expanding its influence. So far, these countries competed mainly in East Asia and Southeast Asia, but with the development of the power status of China, this area extends to other regions of Asia and other continents. The main thesis of the article assumes that currently in China's interest is the formation of a multipolar international system. In the 50-year term, however, they will outdistance the US and other competitors, achieving a dominant position in the world. The main paradigm adopted in the research is the offensive type of the structural realism.

https://www.journals.umcs.pl/k/article/download/3994/5050

Polityczno-wojskowy wymiar rywalizacji między Chińską Republiką Ludową a Stanami Zjednoczonymi Ameryki w XX i XXI wieku

The aim of the article is to present and evaluate t he attitude of the People's Republic of China towards the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation in the context of attachment to the foreign policy principles of the Middle Kingdom. The introduction shows Beijing's approach to the Five Principles of Peacefu l Coexistence that are China's foreign policy doctrine. In the following parts was present ed he reaction of the Chinese authorities to the annexation of Crimea by Russia and the most i mportant circumstances conditioning it. The analysis was intended to answer the question wh ether Beijing's attitude during the Crimea crisis was a manifestation of embezzlement with the basic principles of the PRC's foreign policy? The answer to this question is positive. By annexing Crimea, Russia broke all the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. Despite this, Pe kin did not criticize it. On the contrary, it tried to justify Moscow's actions. During the crisi s, Beijing wanted to achieve the greatest benefits and behaved according to a pragmatic appro ch, which is characteristic of the contemporary PRC’s foreign policy. This confirmed tha t the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence are treated instrumentally by the Chinese authorities. When important circumstances speak for it, they are ready to dissent from these principles. This negatively affects the sincerity of Beijing's intentions on the interna tional forum, and raises the question of its policy in the future, after China reaches a dominant position in the world.

/pdf/the-attitude-of-the-people-s-republic-of-china-towards-the-1ktdiovaq2.pdf

The attitude of the people's republic of china towards the annexation of crimea by the russian federation in the context of attachment to the principles of foreign policy

Łukasz Jureńczyk

Papers

Attitudes of nato, sco and csto towards the situation in afghanistan after 2014

Polityka bezpieczeństwa i obrony Australii w drugiej dekadzie XXI wieku wobec wzrostu potęgi Chin

The social position of women in Afghanistan after 2014

Polityczno-wojskowy wymiar rywalizacji między Chińską Republiką Ludową a Stanami Zjednoczonymi Ameryki w XX i XXI wieku

The attitude of the people's republic of china towards the annexation of crimea by the russian federation in the context of attachment to the principles of foreign policy