This work deals with optimizing the conditions of pyrolysis and type of activator to upgrade the use of Casuarina equisetifolia fruit waste (CFW) as available and a potential precursor, in producti...

https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsos.171578

Optimizing the route for production of activated carbon from Casuarina equisetifolia fruit waste.

Mucuna pruriens seed shells (abundantly available agricultural waste) were processed, treated and activated using 60% orthophosphoric acid for removal of congo red and malachite green from an aqueous solution. Its physicochemical properties and its removal efficiencies on the textile dyes were determined. The effect of particle size, adsorbent dose, initial pH of solution, adsorbate concentration and contact time on the process of adsorption was investigated. The equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic properties of the dyes removal were also investigated. The experi-mental data were modeled using linear regression method of analysis. The correlation coefficient was used as a criterion for model adequacy and acceptance. Sum of squares error was used to val-idate the isotherm models. The pseudo second-order kinetic model was found to best correlate the experimental data. The intraparticle diffusion is not the only rate controlling step in the process. The experimental data were found to follow the Langmuir, Freundlich and Tempkin isotherm models. The negative free energy indicated that the adsorption processes were spontaneously feasible. The process of adsorption has been found to be endothermic in nature. The removal of malachite green was found to be more spontaneous and feasible than the removal of congo red on the adsorbent. From the study it was deduced that the Mucuna pruriens seed shells activated with phosphoric acid were found to be a good adsorbent for the treatment of textile wastewater con-taining congo red and malachite green.

/pdf/adsorptive-treatment-of-textile-wastewater-using-activated-2eh8544j6b.pdf

Adsorptive Treatment of Textile Wastewater Using Activated Carbon Produced from Mucuna pruriens Seed Shells

Amitriptyline removal using palygorskite clay.

The by-product from pistachio (Pistachia vera) has been valorised over the years as an adsorbent material for water treatment. The aim of this review was to synthesise the empirical findings on the uptake of different pollutants using adsorbents developed from pistachio waste. This was done to evaluate the progress of research on the subject matter, identify knowledge gaps and propose interesting areas for future work. Iran was observed to be a major source country (31%) of pistachio feedstock for adsorbent preparation. The highest reported specific surface area for pistachio adsorbent was 1884 m2/g for a carbon activated by NH4NO3 + NaOH and carbonised at 800 °C. Pistachio adsorbents showed very good removal efficiencies (> 90% in most cases) for both dyes, heavy metals, pharmaceuticals and other compounds. Isotherm and kinetics modelling was always best-fit to the classical Langmuir and Freundlich models and the pseudo-second-order kinetics model, respectively. HCl was the regularly used eluent for heavy metals desorption, while alkalis and organic acids were more regularly used for dyes. Interesting areas for future work include adsorbent preparation by physical activation, research interest in emerging contaminants, improvement of adsorbent desorption, utilisation of statistical physics modelling tools and the investigation of spent adsorbent disposal.

Pistachio (Pistacia vera) waste as adsorbent for wastewater treatment: a review

The removal of Basic Yellow 2 (BY2), a cationic dye, from aqueous solution by using montmorillonite as adsorbent was studied in batch experiments. The effect of pH, agitation speed, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration ionic strength, and temperature on the removal of BY2 was also investigated. Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherms were applied to fit the adsorption data of BY2 dye. Equilibrium data were well described by the typical Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity was calculated as 434.196 mg g−1 from the Langmuir isotherm model. The adsorption data was fitted to both the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich, and intraparticle kinetic models, and the calculated values of the amount adsorbed at equilibrium (qe) by pseudo-second-order equations were found to be in good agreement with the experimental values. The thermodynamic factors were also evaluated. The entropy change (ΔS*) was negative, suggesting that the a...

Adsorptive removal of cationic (BY2) dye from aqueous solutions onto Turkish clay: Isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic analysis

Palygorskite clay has been investigated as low cost and ecofriendly adsorbent for the removal Basic Red 2(BR-2) from aqueous solution. Batch adsorption studies are carried out by observing effect of amount of adsorbent dose, contact time, pH, initial concentration of ( BR-2) and particle size of adsorbent on the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent were studied. Adsorption data fits the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The calculated value of the Langmuir parameter for adsorption capacity of the dye over the adsorbent is 200mg/g adsorbent. This study shows that natural clay is successfully used to remove the Safranin-O dye from aqueous solutions as alternative to activated carbon.

https://archive.aessweb.com/index.php/5003/article/download/3546/5621

Adsorptive removal of dye from industrial effluents using natural Iraqi palygorskite clay as low-cost adsorbent.

An experimental investigation on the removal of direct red 28 dye from wastewater by using rice-husk carbon as low cost adsorbent was carried out in a laboratory. Batch type experiments were conducted to study the influence of different parameters such as adsorbent dose, contact time, pH, initial concentration of dye and particle size of adsorbent. The removal data have been analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The adsorption process was in conformity demonstrated use of rice husk to obtain low cost adsorbent for dye removal from aqueous solution . Keywords: adsorption,  low cost adsorbent, isotherm, dye .

/pdf/adsorption-studies-of-direct-red-28-dye-onto-activated-1agngms89x.pdf

Adsorption Studies of Direct Red 28 Dye onto Activated Carbon Prepared from Low Cost Material

Adsorption of Janus Green B Dye From Industrial Waste Water on The Pistachio Shells

The ability of low cost adsorbent-natural Iraqi palygorskite clay for the removal of Janus Green B from aqueous solution has been investigated by the adsorption process. Investigation was carried out by a series of batch equilibrium experiments to analysis of adsorption equilibrium capacities by studying the influence of adsorbent dosage, contact time, pH, initial dye concentration and particle size of adsorbent at ambient temperature. The equilibrium data was analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models. The maximum adsorption capacity was 125mg of dye per one gram of natural clay. Results indicate that the adsorption technique was very useful and cost effective for a better removal of dyes, and natural Iraqi clay could be employed as a low cost alternative to commercial activated carbon in industrial wastewater treatment for dyes removal.

Luma Ahmed Mohammed

Papers

Adsorptive removal of dye from industrial effluents using natural Iraqi palygorskite clay as low-cost adsorbent.

Adsorption Studies of Direct Red 28 Dye onto Activated Carbon Prepared from Low Cost Material

Adsorption of Janus Green B Dye From Industrial Waste Water on The Pistachio Shells

Removal of Janus Green B dye from industrial effluents by natural Iraqi mineral clay

Investigation on using rice–husk as low cost adsorbent for dye removal from industrial wastewater