National policy on education

This book is based on research which explored teacher motivation and incentive issues in 12 countries in South Asia and Sub-Sahara Africa. The book addresses four main questions: (1) To what extent is there a problem of poor motivation among teachers in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia? Does this amount to a 'crisis', as has been suggested by some observers? (2) If so, what are the main reasons for poor teacher motivation? (3) How do poor motivation and incentives affect teacher performance and the overall effectiveness of national education systems? and finally (4) What should be done to ensure that teachers are adequately motivated? Based on the evidence from the research, the authors argue for better incentives for rural teachers and that unless this is done, the large majority of children who live in rural areas will continue to receive poor quality education. Also, despite some improvements in pay in recent years in some countries, most primary school teachers, particularly in relatively high-cost urban centres are simply unable to meet their basic household needs. It argues for attractive career structures for primary school teachers and improvements in teacher accountability to school management and to parents and the community.

Teacher Motivation in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia

The Relationship of HR Practices and Job Performance of Academicians towards Career Development in Malaysian Private Higher Institutions

The failure of educational reforms in many countries to acknowledge the invaluable contributions of teachers to the successful implementation of such reforms illustrates how the teaching profession has been reduced to a marginal identity. Has this situation any implication for professional practice? This paper is based on review of literature which explores motivation and identity issues affecting teachers' professional practice globally. It examines scholarly views on the concept of teacher motivation, identity and practice, factors affecting teacher motivation and identity; and discusses studies on ways of enhancing teachers' identity and motivation to practice

Teacher motivation and identity formation: issues affecting professional practice

Teachers’ work, learning, and professional development are central to any effort aiming at improving schools. Consequently, teachers must consider themselves as a lifelong learner, engage in continuous professional learning and apply that learning to improve student learning and achievement. This article explores teachers’ motivation for teaching and professional development in secondary schools in Ethiopia. Data were collected via interviews and focus group discussions from 32 teachers. The analysis of the collected information revealed low salary and the absence of link between performance and reward as major motivational challenges for teachers. The identified motivational challenges were explained from the viewpoint of different motivational theories.

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Exploring Teachers’ Motivation for Teaching and Professional Development in Ethiopia: Voices from the Field

Teacher motivation and incentives in nigeria

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) communication is gaining widespread popularity in the wireless research community. The UAV has emerged as a promising candidate for providing capacity enhancement and coverage expansion in emerging wireless communication systems. However, spectral efficiency (SE) and energy efficiency (EE) issues remain due to the stringent requirements for secure and seamless UAV communications. Currently, cell-free massive multiple input multiple output (CF-mMIMO), consisting of arbitrarily allocated access points (APs) connected to a central processing unit, has been exploited to boost efficient communication toward achieving optimal EE and spectral gains. This paper derives new expressions for the achievable lower and upper SE bounds for uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) data transmission phases for cell-free assisted UAV communication. In general, simulation results show favourable agreement with theoretical findings. Overall, the projected models would find useful applications in reliable and efficient UAV communications.

Spectral Efficiency Bounds of Cell-Free Massive MIMO Assisted UAV Cellular Communication

Using indoor-to-outdoor pathloss measurements for a femtocell network, this paper presents a comparative evaluation of the performances of Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) and Quasi-Moment-Method (QMM) as pathloss model calibration tools. First, the performances of two published SVD models are compared with those of corresponding QMM models, developed through the calibration of basic ECC33 and WINNER II models. Then, and after noting that the ‘base models’ from which the poorer performing, published SVD calibrations reportedly derive, are either incompletely described or characterized by misprints, alternative ‘base models’ are prescribed by this paper. It is then shown through analysis that QMM and SVD represent alternative implementations of the same basic model calibration algorithm. Computational results due to the alternative models suggest that better performance metrics (Mean Prediction Error (MPE) and Root Mean Square Prediction Error (RMSPE)) are recorded, when existing basic models are modified to mimic the SVD ‘base model’, prior to SVD/QMM calibration. Indeed, because the MPE due to the calibration of the alternative models are all close to zero (actually equal to zero in a few cases), the associated residual profiles closely follow the Gaussian distribution typically assumed in the literature, for shadow fading modelling.

Singular Value Decomposition and Quasi-Moment-Method as pathloss model calibration alternatives

Radio Resource Management of WLAN Hotspot Access Points in Next Generation Wireless Networks

Investigations in this paper focus on establishing the uniqueness properties of the Quasi Moment Method (QMM) solution to the problem of calibrating nominal radiowave propagation pathloss prediction models. Nominal (basic) prediction models utilized for the investigations, were first subjected to QMM calibrations with measurements from three different propagation scenarios. Then, the nominal models were recast in forms suitable for Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) calibration before being calibrated with both the SVD and QMM algorithms. The prediction performances of the calibrated models as evaluated in terms of Root Mean Square Prediction Error (RMSE), Mean Prediction Error (MPE), and Grey Relational Grade Mean Absolute Percentage Error (GRG MAPE) very clearly indicate that the uniqueness of QMM calibrations of basic pathloss models is more readily observable, when the basic models are recast in forms specific to SVD calibration. In the representative case of calibration with indoor to outdoor measurements, RMSE values were recorded for QMM calibrated nominal models as 5.2639dB for the ECC33 model, and 5.3218dB for the other nominal models. Corresponding metrics for the alternative (rearranged) nominal models emerged as 5.2663dB for the ECC33 model and 5.2591dB for the other models. A similar general trend featured in the GRG MAPE metrics, which for both SVD and QMM calibrations of all the alternative models, was recorded as 0.9131, but differed slightly (between 0.9138 and 0.9196) for the QMM calibration of the nominal models. The slight differences between these metrics (due to computational round off approximations) confirm that when the components of basic models are linearly independent, the QMM solution is unique.

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M.A. Adelabu

Papers

Teacher motivation and incentives in nigeria

Spectral Efficiency Bounds of Cell-Free Massive MIMO Assisted UAV Cellular Communication

Singular Value Decomposition and Quasi-Moment-Method as pathloss model calibration alternatives

Radio Resource Management of WLAN Hotspot Access Points in Next Generation Wireless Networks

On the Uniqueness of the Quasi-Moment-Method Solution to the Pathloss Model Calibration Problem