Indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films were prepared on glass substrates by an electron beam evaporation technique from a mixture of In 2 O 3 and SnO 2 . The films were annealed in air for 30 min at 350°C. The electrical and optical properties of these films were investigated as a function of the substrate temperature. The films were deposited at substrate temperatures ranging from 50 to 350°C at an oxygen partial pressure of 5×10 −5 mbar. The dopant concentration, resistivity, electrical conductivity, activation energy, optical transmission and band gap energy were investigated. It was found that the activation energy decreased with an increase in the film thickness. A transmittance value of 92% in the visible region of the spectrum and a resistivity of 3×10 −6 Ωm was obtained at a substrate temperature of 350°C. Structural studies showed that the films were polycrystalline.

Electrical and optical properties of electron beam evaporated ITO thin films

Comparative study of ITO and FTO thin films grown by spray pyrolysis

The effect of annealing on structural, electrical and optical properties of nanostructured ITO films prepared by e-beam evaporation

Water oxidation is a required half-reaction for electrochemical water splitting. To date, the only well-established active oxygen-evolution catalysts stable under operating conditions and at rest in acidic aqueous media contain Ru or Ir, two of the scarcest non-radioactive elements on Earth. We report herein a nickel-manganese antimonate electrocatalyst with a rutile-type crystal structure that requires an initial voltammetric overpotential of 672 ± 9 mV to catalyze the oxidation of water to O2(g) at a rate corresponding to 10 mA cm−2 of current density when operated in contact with 1.0 M sulfuric acid. Under galvanostatic control, the overpotential initially rose from 670 mV but was then stable at 735 ± 10 mV for 168 h of continuous operation at 10 mA cm−2. We additionally provide an in-depth evaluation of the stability of the nickel-manganese antimonate electrocatalyst, including elemental characterization of the surface, bulk, and electrolyte before and after electrochemical operation.

Crystalline nickel manganese antimonate as a stable water-oxidation catalyst in aqueous 1.0 M H2SO4

Low-temperature growth of highly crystallized transparent conductive fluorine-doped tin oxide films by intermittent spray pyrolysis deposition

https://publikationen.sulb.uni-saarland.de/bitstream/20.500.11880/24276/1/aeg199905.pdf

M. A. Aegerter

Papers

Comparison of spray pyrolyzed FTO, ATO and ITO coatings for flat and bent glass substrates