An introduction to heat transfer

A review of the applications of nanofluids in solar energy

This article reports on the International Nanofluid Property Benchmark Exercise, or INPBE, in which the thermal conductivity of identical samples of colloidally stable dispersions of nanoparticles or “nanofluids,” was measured by over 30 organizations worldwide, using a variety of experimental approaches, including the transient hot wire method, steady-state methods, and optical methods. The nanofluids tested in the exercise were comprised of aqueous and nonaqueous basefluids, metal and metal oxide particles, near-spherical and elongated particles, at low and high particle concentrations. The data analysis reveals that the data from most organizations lie within a relatively narrow band (±10% or less) about the sample average with only few outliers. The thermal conductivity of the nanofluids was found to increase with particle concentration and aspect ratio, as expected from classical theory. There are (small) systematic differences in the absolute values of the nanofluid thermal conductivity among the various experimental approaches; however, such differences tend to disappear when the data are normalized to the measured thermal conductivity of the basefluid. The effective medium theory developed for dispersed particles by Maxwell in 1881 and recently generalized by Nan et al. [J. Appl. Phys. 81, 6692 (1997)], was found to be in good agreement with the experimental data, suggesting that no anomalous enhancement of thermal conductivity was achieved in the nanofluids tested in this exercise.

A Benchmark Study on the Thermal Conductivity of Nanofluids

Selection of suitable heat transfer fluid for heat dissipation is an important consideration in the design of heat exchanging systems. Nanofluid, a colloidal mixture made of a base fluid and a nanoparticle, is a new generation of heat transfer fluids becoming a high potential fluid in heat transfer applications due to enhanced thermal conductivity. Research studies about nanofluids are on the rise owing to the mounting interest and demand for nanofluids as heat transfer fluids in a wide variety of applications. Recently, nanofluid technology has a new dimension of impregnating two or more nanoparticles in base fluids, namely hybrid or composite nanofluids. This paper reviews the preparation of metal and metal oxides nanofluids and hybrid nanofluids and the various techniques used to study the physical and chemical characteristics of nanofluids. Thermo-physical and heat transfer properties of nanofluids including the improved thermal conductivity, viscosity and specific heat models for nanofluids are presented. Finally, various application areas of nanofluids, such as transportation, electronic cooling, energy storage, mechanical applications etc. are discussed.

A review on preparation, characterization, properties and applications of nanofluids

Enhanced heat transfer and friction factor of MWCNT–Fe3O4/water hybrid nanofluids

Experimental study on the effects of using metal foam on R-134a flow boiling in annular tubes

Three-dimensional numerical investigation of a single bubble behavior against non-linear forced vibration in a microgravity environment

Flow boiling heat transfer of r-600a/oil inside a horizontal smooth tube

An experimental investigation has been carried out to study the heat transfer characteristics of CuO-Base oil nanofluid flow inside horizontal flattened tubes under constant heat flux. The nanofluid flowing inside the tube is heated by an electrical heating coil wrapped around it. The convective heat transfer coefficients of nanofluids are obtained for laminar fully developed flow inside round and flattened tubes. The effect of different parameters such as Reynolds number, flattened tube internal height, nanoparticles concentration and heat flux on heat transfer coefficient is studied. Observations show that the heat transfer performance is improved as the tube profile is flattened. The heat transfer coefficient is increased by using nanofluid instead of base fluid. Also, it can be concluded that decreasing the internal height of the flattened tubes and increasing the concentration of nanoparticles both contribute to the enhancement of heat transfer coefficient.Copyright © 2010 by ASME

Heat Transfer Characteristics of CuO-Base Oil Nanofluid Laminar Flow Inside Flattened Tubes Under Constant Heat Flux

In the present study, an experimental investigation has been carried out to study the heat transfer characteristics of CuO/Base oil nanofluid flow inside horizontal oiled wire inserted tubes (roughed tubes) under constant heat flux. The nanofluids with CuO nanoparticles weight fraction ranging from 0 to 2% are prepared. The oiled wires with different wire wire diameteres and different oil pitches are used as inserts inside a horizontal plain copper tube. The nanofluid flowing inside the tube is heated by electrical heating coil wrapped around it. The convective heat transfer characteristis of the prepared nanofluids are measured during laminar fully developed flow inside horizontal plain and roughed tubes under constant heat flux. The effect of different parameters such as mass velocity, wire wire diameter, oil pith, nanofluid particles concentration and heat flux on heat transfer coefficient is studied. The heat transfer coefficient is increased when a roughed tube is used instead of a plain tube. Moreover, at the same flow conditions, by increasing of wire wire diameter and decreasing of oil pitch, the heat transfer performance is improved. Observations also show that by using nanofluid instead of base fluid, the heat transfer coefficient increases and this increase grows at higher nanoparticles concentrations. As a result, it an be concluded that increasing of wire wire diameter, decreasing of oil pitch and increasing the concentration of nanoparticle, contribute to the enhancement of heat transfer coefficient.© 2010 ASME

M.A. Akhavan-Behabadi

Papers

Experimental study on the effects of using metal foam on R-134a flow boiling in annular tubes

Three-dimensional numerical investigation of a single bubble behavior against non-linear forced vibration in a microgravity environment

Flow boiling heat transfer of r-600a/oil inside a horizontal smooth tube

Heat Transfer Characteristics of CuO-Base Oil Nanofluid Laminar Flow Inside Flattened Tubes Under Constant Heat Flux

An Empirical Study on Heat Transfer Characteristics of CuO/Base Oil Nanofluid Flow in a Tube With Coiled Wire Inserts