https://www.archives-pmr.org/article/S0003-9993(02)58195-8/pdf

Propulsion patterns and pushrim biomechanics in manual wheelchair propulsion

Wheelchair pushrim kinetics: body weight and median nerve function.

This guideline has been prepared based on the scientific and professional information available in 2004. Users of this guideline should periodically review this material to ensure that the advice herein is consistent with current reasonable clinical practice.

Preservation of upper limb function following spinal cord injury: a clinical practice guideline for health-care professionals.

Shoulder joint kinetics and pathology in manual wheelchair users.

Biomechanics and physiology in active manual wheelchair propulsion

Wheelchair users are at an increased risk for developing carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). The objective of this study was to use electromyography (EMG) to describe wrist flexor activity (WFA) during wheelchair propulsion. EMG data on 3 flexor muscles for one subject were collected while he propelled at a constant speed of 0.9 m/s (2 mph). The flexor carpi radialis was the most active flexor muscle during the push phase with peak and average EMG at 51% and 33% of its maximum isometric contraction value.

EMG activity of wrist muscles during wheelchair propulsion

Due to the dynamic nature of MWP, motion analysis via markers placed on bony prominences provides the best approximation of the three dimensional trajectory of the segments of the upper extremity. Previous models which use motion analysis markers have been described in the literature, but these models have not corrected for positioning of the hand in a non-neutral position. The current model provides a standard method for determining the three ranges of motion commonly attributed to the wrist: flexion/extension, radial/ulnar deviation, and pronation/supination. These quantities are calculated via a local coordinate system based at the wrist as described by Shimada (1997), but applies a correction factor to account for non-neutral hand position during calibration.

M A Baldwin

Papers

EMG activity of wrist muscles during wheelchair propulsion

Kinematic model of wrist via marker placement during manual wheelchair propulsion