We produced experimental inflammation models in rats by carrageenin and studied the effect of Ga-Al-As diode laser irradiation (780 nm, continuous wave, 31.8 j/sec/cm2, spot size of 0.2 mm) on inflamed regions compared with those of indomethacin, a potent anti-inflammatory agent. We found that a low-power infrared laser has an anti-inflammatory effect on carrageenin inflammation. A low-power laser inhibits: (1) the increase of vascular permeability during the occurrence of an acute inflammation in the carrageenin-air-pouch model, (2) edema in the acute stage in the carrageenin-paw-edema model, and (3) the granuloma formation in the carrageenin-granuloma model after receiving laser irradiation once daily. In all cases, irradiation for less than 10 min was sufficient to inhibit the inflammation by 20-30%. The inhibitory effect of laser irradiation was not comparable to that of indomethacin (4 mg/kg, i.o.) in the air-pouch model and the paw-edema model, whereas laser irradiation was more potent than that of daily administration of indomethacin (1 mg/kg, i.o.) in the granuloma model. In future studies of the mechanism of laser effect, it should be noted that irradiating a rat twice, before and after the provocation of inflammation, was essential in order to achieve an effective inhibition of paw-edema.

Therapeutic effect of Ga-Al-As diode laser irradiation on experimentally induced inflammation in rats.

We describe two analog electronic techniques to determine the position of a light spot on a linear photodiode array by detecting its intensity peak or its centroid. The position was detected with an accuracy of 1 and 3.5 μm by the two methods, respectively, using a 16‐μm center‐to‐center array. As an example, the displacement of a mirror was measured with a sensitivity of 0.05 μm.

High‐resolution light spot localization with photodiode arrays

A focus detecting apparatus includes a first object distance measuring zone located above a center portion of the finder field of view, second and third object distance measuring zones located on opposite sides of the center portion of the finder field of view, first, second and third automatic focusing optical systems for converging luminous fluxes of objects to be photographed in first, second and third object distance measuring sensors on which the luminous fluxes of the objects in the first, second and third object distance measuring zones are converged by the associated first, second and third automatic focusing optical systems.

Focus detecting apparatus of camera

A new opto-electronic instrument for linear velocity measurements in plasmas has been developed. It incorporates a linear photodiode array and measures the intensity profiles of light emitted by a plasma section. Velocities are determined from the shift of intensity variations (typical error: 10%). Velocities of NaCl powder injected into a thermal induction plasma and of the plasma gas itself were measured and the scatter of the results is explained. The advantages of this method are immediate display of the results, versatility and the possibility of on-line data treatment.

The plasmascope-a new opto-electronic method for velocity measurements in thermal plasmas

On analyse avec une ligne de microphotodiodes la figure de diffraction de Fraunhofer d'un objet opaque pour en deduire le diametre et la position de celui-ci. On procede a un traitement optique des...

Traitement Optique des Figures de Diffraction de Fraunhofer Pour Une Analyse Avec Une Ligne de Microphotodiodes

A general review of the properties of self-scanned photo-diode arrays is given. The mechanisms of charge storage, scanning, and signal processing are described and this is followed by a discussion of the electrical, optical, and noise characteristics of the devices. The final section presents a variety of current industrial applications.

Self-scanned photo-diode arrays — characteristics and applications

Due to the Internet of Things (IoT) proliferation, Radio Frequency (RF) channels are increasingly congested with new kinds of devices, which carry unique and diverse communication needs. This poses complex challenges in modern digital communications, and calls for the development of technological innovations that (i) optimize capacity (bitrate) in limited bandwidth environments, (ii) integrate cooperatively with alreadydeployed RF protocols, and (iii) are adaptive to the ever-changing demands in modern digital communications. In this paper we present methods for applying deep neural networks for spectral filling. Given an RF channel transmitting digital messages with a pre-established modulation scheme, we automatically learn novel modulation schemes for sending extra information, in the form of additional messages, “around” the fixed-modulation signals (i.e., without interfering with them). In so doing, we effectively increase channel capacity without increasing bandwidth. We further demonstrate the ability to generate signals that closely resemble the original modulations, such that the presence of extra messages is undetectable to third-party listeners. We present three computational experiments demonstrating the efficacy of our methods, and conclude by discussing the implications of our results for modern RF applications.

M.A. Vann

Papers

Self-scanned photo-diode arrays — characteristics and applications

Deep Learning for Spectral Filling in Radio Frequency Applications