Climate Change 1995 is a scientific assessment that was generated by more than 1 000 contributors from over 50 nations. It was jointly co-ordinated through two international agencies; the World Meteorological Organization and the United Nations Environment Programme. The assessment was completed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) with a primary aim of reviewing the current state of knowledge concerning the impacts of climate change on physical and ecological systems, human health, and socioeconomic factors. The second aim was to review the available information on the technical and economic feasibility of the potential mitigation and adaptation strategies.

Climate Change 1995

Estimating carbon stock in secondary forests: Decisions and uncertainties associated with allometric biomass models

Biodiversity conservation is one of the important ecosystem services that has been negatively impacted by anthropogenic activities. Natural forests (NF) harbor some of the highest species diversity around the world. However, deforestation and degradation have resulted in reduced forest land cover and loss of diversity. Homegarden agroforestry (AF) systems have been proven to be an intermediary for biodiversity conservation. In this study, we evaluate the effectiveness of home garden AF practices to conserve tree species diversity in Bangladesh and compare them with tree species diversity in NF. A total of nine locations were selected for this synthesis from published literature which comprised of five AF sites and four NFs. Shannon–Weiner Diversity Index (H) was similar for home-garden AF (3.50) and NF (2.99), with no statistical difference between them. Based on non-metric multi-dimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination analysis, the AF and NF plots showed distinct separation. However, Bray–Curtis dissimilarity index ranged from 0.95 to 0.70 indicating nearly no overlap in species composition to significant overlap between AF and NF. Based on our results, we conclude that AF can serve as an important ecological tool in conserving tree species diversity, particularly on landscapes where NF fragments represent only a small fraction of the total land area. Creating and maintaining AF habitats in such human dominated landscapes should be part of the biodiversity conservation strategy.

Homegarden agroforestry systems: an intermediary for biodiversity conservation in Bangladesh

: The research was aimed to estimate above- and below-ground carbon stock in Tankawati natural hill forest of Bangladesh. systematic sampling method was used to identify each sampling point through Global Poa -sitioning System (GPS). Loss on ignition and wet oxidation method were used to estimate biomass and soil carbon stock, respectively. Results revealed that the total carbon stock of the forest was 283.80 t·ha −1 whereas trees produce 110.94 t·ha −1 , undergrowth (shrubs, herbs and grass) 0.50 t·ha −1 , litter fall 4.21 t·ha −1 and soil 168.15 t·ha −1 (up to 1m depth). The forest in the study area is a reservoir of carbon, as it has a good capacity to stock carbon from the atmos -phere. To realize the forest sector potentiality in Bangladesh, the carbon sequestration should be integrated with the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) carbon trading system of the Kyoto Protocol. Keywords : Tankawati natural hill forest; carbon stock; geo-position Abbreviation : Sl. No. − serial number; TaGB, TBGB − total above- and below-ground biomass; TB − total biomass; TaGC, TBGC − total above- and below-ground carbon; TC − total carbon; TBC − total biomass carbon; LBC − litter fall biomass carbon; SOC − soil organic carbon.Supported by the United States Department of agriculture (USDa), Project No. BG-aRS-124.

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Above- and below-ground carbon stock estimation in a natural forest of Bangladesh

Carbon storage in a bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris) plantation in the degraded tropical forests: Implications for policy development

A study was conducted in the forest area of Chittagong (South) Forest Division, Chittagong, Bangladesh for developing allometric models to estimate biomass organic carbon stock in the forest vegetation. Allometric models were tested separately for trees (divided into two DBH classes), shrubs, herbs and grasses. Model using basal area alone was found to be the best predictor of biomass organic carbon stock in trees because of high coefficient of determination (r^2 is 0.73697 and 0.87703 for＞ 5 cm to≤15 cm and ＞ 15 cm DBH (diameter at breast height) rang, respectively) and significance of regression (P is 0.000 for each DBH range) coefficients for both DBH range. The other models using height alone; DBH alone; height and DBH together; height, DBH and wood density; with liner and logarithmic relations produced relatively poor coefficient of determination. The allometric models for dominant 20 tree species were also developed separately and equation using basal area produced higher value of determination of coefficient. Allometric model using total biomass alone for shrubs, herbs and grasses produced higher value of determination of coefficient and significance of regression coefficient (r^2 is 0.87948 and 0.87325 for shrubs, herbs and grasses, respectively and P is 0.000 for each). The estimation of biomass organic carbon is a complicated and time consuming research. The allometric models developed in the present study can be utilized for future estimation of organic carbon stock in forest vegetation in Bangladesh as well as other tropical countries of the world.

Allometric models to estimate biomass organic carbon stock in forest vegetation

The organic carbon storage in trees and organic carbon flow with geoposition of trees was estimated in the forest area of Chittagong (South) Forest Division within geo-position 91°47′ and 92°15′ East longitude and 21°45′ and 22°30′ North latitude. The study was conducted through stratified random sampling by identifying each sampling point through Global Positioning System (GPS). It was found that above ground organic carbon storage (t/hm2), below ground organic carbon (t/hm2) and total biomass organic carbon (t/hm2) was respectively the highest in Dipterocarpus turbinatus (Garjan) (7.9, 1.18 and 9.08 t/hm2) followed by Tectona grandis (Teak) (5.66, 0.85 and 6.51 t/hm2), Artocarpus chaplasha (Chapalish) (2.32, 0.34 and 2.66 t/hm2), Artocarpus lacucha (Batta) (1.97, 0.29 and 2.26 t/hm2) and Artocarpus heterophyllus (Jackfruit) (1.7, 0.25 and 2.26 t/hm2). From the study it was revealed that organic carbon stock was the highest (142.7 t/hm2) in the geo-position 22° Latitude and 92° Longitude and was the lowest (4.42 t/hm2) in the geo-position 21° 50′ Latitude and 92° 2.5′ Longitude. The forest of the study area is a good reservoir of organic carbon so has a good capacity to sequester organic carbon from the atmosphere. Sustainable forest management may help to sequester more organic carbon so that economic benefit for the country and environmental benefit in the international arena are possible from the study area.

Organic carbon storage in trees within different Geopositions of Chittagong (South) Forest Division, Bangladesh

The paper describes the composition and status of regeneration in a proposed biodiversity conservation area (Bamerchara and Danerchara) Chittagong, Bangladesh. A stratified random quadrat method was used to study the regeneration status. Total 143 seedlings and saplings of 39 species under 18 families were recorded in the sampled area. Moraceae is the dominant family having 5 species followed by Anacardiaceae, Euphorbieaceae, Myrtaceae, Mimosaceae, Combretaceae and Verbenaceae (3 species each). Tectona grandis has the highest importance value index (31.05) followed by Gmelina arborea (16.05), Mangifera indica (13.59), Erythrina variegata (12.53) Unidentified-2 (11.06), Bombax ceiba (11.05) Eucalyptus camaldulensis (9.92) and Oroxylum indicum (9.65). The distribution of all the regenerated species is contagious except Tectona grandis, which show random distribution The study of density, frequency, abundance, relative density, relative frequency, relative abundance of various species showed that it is possible to bring the depleted area under complete forest cover through the protection of natural regeneration.

Regeneration status in a proposed biodiversity conservation area of Bangladesh

The study described the composition and status of undergrowth (shrubs, herbs and grasses) in a degraded deforested area of Chittagong (South) forest division, Chittagong, Bangladesh. A stratified random quadrat method was used in the study. The area on the whole consists of 45 species of undergrowth of 31 families. Shrubs layer includes 14 species of 12 families and herbs and grasses include 31 species of 19 families. Among the shrubs Clerodendrum viscosum shows the highest density (94 plants/100 m) and 2 Cassia alata shows the lowest density (8 plants/100 m). The highest frequency was found in 2 Clerodendrum viscusum (50%) and lowest frequency was found in Corcorus capsularis (5%). The highest abundance was recorded in Corcorus capsularis (13) followed by Ipomoea fistulosa (11) and Lantana camara (11). Among the herbs and grasses Imperata cylindrica shows the highest density, frequency and abundance (7638 plants/100 m, 77% and 394, respectively) followed by Cynodon dactylon (687 plants/100 m), 2 2

Composition and Status of Undergrowth of a Deforested Area in Bangladesh

Sphagneticola trilobata is a creeping herb species of composite nature. The study was designed to evaluate the invasion potentials due to several factors to visualize the spreading nature with a view to quantifying the responses of different management techniques of the Sphagneticola trilobata at University of Chittagong. The task is followed in experimental design method in field condition and randomized block design is done in several phages of the experiments. The overall results show that Sphagneticola trilobata is an invasive species in the study area and it is spreading fast in newer spots. The rate of horizontal length and regeneration capacity of the species was capable to cover the whole area within 1.51 years through faster sprouting within 4 to 32 days against different control measures applied in the experimental blocks in sites. The area covered by the species at University of Chittagong related linearly with soil pH, plant growth and soil moisture in linear regression model. The study recommended using the plant more in medicine production rather than controlling. This species is of invasive nature but proper utilization was considered as economic and autocontrolling system for Sphagneticola trilobata. 

M. Al-Amin

Papers

Allometric models to estimate biomass organic carbon stock in forest vegetation

Organic carbon storage in trees within different Geopositions of Chittagong (South) Forest Division, Bangladesh

Regeneration status in a proposed biodiversity conservation area of Bangladesh

Composition and Status of Undergrowth of a Deforested Area in Bangladesh

Invasion Potentials, Spreading Nature and Management Techniques of Sphagneticola Trilobata at University of Chittagong, Bangladesh