Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the phenomenon of monoamine oxidase transformation in mitochondrial membrane. A simple general method is developed based on well-recognized principles of protein chemistry, for solubilization of structure-bound monoamine oxidases. This method is successfully used for isolation and purification, under comparable conditions of structure-bound monoamine oxidases from mitochondrial membranes of rat liver, bovine liver, and bovine brain. The mitochondrial monoamine oxidases are prepared in nonsedimentable soluble form, without significant inactivation, by treating mitochondrial membranes with nonionic detergents in a strongly akaline medium with benzylamine—a substrate that exhibited high affinity toward active sites of monoamine oxidases and protected the enzymes from inactivation by alkalies. By means of subsequent ammonium sulfate fractionation and treatment with aluminum hydroxides, enzyme preparations were obtained, which as evidenced by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel and values of specific activity, are highly purified.

Monoamine oxidases: versatility of catalytic properties and possible biological functions.

Pharmacological and biochemical actions of the hemolytic agents acetylphenylhydrazine and phenylhydrazine on monoamine oxidase in the rat

Emoxypine and its succinate derivative share a common hydroxypridine structure, which is similar to pyridoxine. These compounds have been utilized therapeutically and industrially, owing to the wide range of properties offered. This includes antihypoxic, neuroprotective and cardioprotective effects, along with pharmacokinetic benefits such as the ability to cross the blood brain barrier (BBB), owing to its relatively small size and low molecular weight. It was observed that emoxypine exhibited iron chelating property in vitro, indicating its usage as a promising therapeutic strategy in the management of neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), as well as hematologic disorders like thalassemia and hemochromatosis. In addition to this, it has been observed to exert a potent antioxidant effect, therefore, it may be considered for the amelioration of disorders resulting from free radical injury. Studies on its mechanism of action and implications on cellular and molecular levels would help to further the understanding of its benefits, as well as prospects for filing patents for novel applications. The primary focus of this review is to shed light on the broad spectrum of pharmacological properties offered by emoxypine and its succinate derivative, and to highlight the scope for an increased number of pre-clinical and clinical trials to assess its safety and efficacy. In addition to this, the highlights of this article include the recent patents filed and scope for novel applications of these agents. • Therapeutic potentials of emoxypine and its succinate derivative, backed by evidence from preclinical and clinical trials. • Possibilities of usage of these agents across various therapeutic areas. • A comprehensive overview of the mechanism of action and molecular pathways acted upon. • Insights into the recent patents filed, and prospective novel applications across different pharmacological domains. • Challenges in drug delivery and future perspectives on potentially expanding the scope of usage. 

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crphar.2022.100121

Promising effects of emoxypine and its succinate derivative in the management of various diseases-with insights on recent patent applications

/pdf/rat-liver-mitochondrial-monoamine-oxidase-a-flavin-3jft997ek4.pdf

M B H Youdim

Papers

Rat liver mitochondrial monoamine oxidase, a flavin-containing enzyme