The levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST/GOT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT/GPT) in serum can help people diagnose body tissues especially the heart and the liver are injured or not. This article provides a comprehensive review of research activities that concentrate on AST/GOT and ALT/GPT detection techniques due to their clinical importance. The detection techniques include colorimetric, spectrophotometric, chemiluminescence, chromatography, fluorescence and UV absorbance, radiochemical, and electrochemical techniques. We devote the most attention on experimental principle. In some methods a few representative devices and important conclusions are presented.

https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/6/7/756/pdf

Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST/GOT) and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT/GPT) Detection Techniques

Zingiber officinale Roscoe (ginger) (Zingiberaceae) has been cultivated for thousands of years both as a spice and for medicinal purposes. Ginger rhizomes successive extracts (petroleum ether, chloroform and ethanol) were examined against liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats. The evaluation was done through measuring antioxidant parameters; glutathione (GSH), total superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Liver marker enzymes; succinate and lactate dehydrogenases (SDH and LDH), glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase), acid phosphatase (AP), 5'- nucleotidase (5'NT) and liver function enzymes; aspartate and alanine aminotransferases (AST and ALT) as well as cholestatic markers; alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), total bilirubin were estimated. Liver histopathological analysis and collagen content were also evaluated. Treatments with the selected extracts significantly increased GSH, SOD, SDH, LDH, G-6-Pase, AP and 5'NT. However, MDA, AST, ALT ALP, GGT and total bilirubin were significantly decreased. Extracts of ginger, particularly the ethanol one resulted in an attractive candidate for the treatment of liver fibrosis induced by CCl4. Further studies are required in order to identify the molecules responsible of the pharmacological activity.

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Zingiber officinale acts as a nutraceutical agent against liver fibrosis.

The impact of stocking density and dietary carbon sources on the growth, oxidative status and stress markers of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) reared under biofloc conditions

Mancozeb is an ethylenebisdithiocarbamate f ungicide us ed ag ainst a w ide r ange of fungal diseases of field c rops and f ruits. Treating albino rats with mancozeb i nduced v arious histological changes in the liver.These changes include congestion of blood vessels, leucocytic infiltration, cytoplasmic vacuolization of the hepatocytes and pyknosis. Mancozeb also caused significant elevation in se rum ALT and AST enzymes. T he result of t he oxidative stress a nd antioxidant enzymes in this work revealed that there was a significant increase in malondialdhyde which is lipid pe roxidation marker a nd a signif icant d ecrease in the level o f serum antioxidant enzyme, sup eroxide d ismutase activity. Treating animals with man cozeb and gi nger led t o an improvement in the histological liver picture together with significant decrease in ALT and AST activity.Moreover, ginger reduced the level of serum mal ondialdhyde acting as lipid pe roxidation marker and i ncreased the serum l evel of antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase. The r esults of the p resent work i ndicated that the ameliorative effect of Z.officinale against liver damage induced by mancozeb is mediated by its potent antioxidant ac tivities..

Ameliorative Effect of Ginger (Zingiber officinale ) on Mancozeb Fungicide Induced Liver Injury in Albino Rats

Aim Ducrosia anethifolia is used as flavoring additive There have been little detailed phytochemical reports on this genus and the antidiabetic activity of this plant is not yet evaluated Method Structure of compounds was deduced by spectroscopic analyses Preliminary in vitro evaluation of the antidiabetic activity of crude extract and its furanocoumarins was carried out (α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and β-galactosidase) The in vivo activity was investigated by measuring some oxidative stress markers Biomarkers of liver injury and kidney were also determined Results Eight linear furanocoumarins, psoralen, 5-methoxypsoralen, 8-methoxypsoralen, imperatorin, isooxypeucedanin, pabulenol, oxypeucedanin methanolate, oxypeucedanin hydrate, and 3-O-glucopyranosyl-β-sitosterol, were isolated All compounds were reported for the first time from the genus Ducrosia except pabulenol The blood glucose level, liver function enzymes, total protein, lipid, and cholesterol levels were significantly normalized by extract treatment The antioxidant markers, glucolytic, and gluconeogenic enzymes were significantly ameliorated and the elevated level of kidney biomarkers in the diabetic groups was restored The compounds showed inhibitory activity in a concentration dependant manner Imperatorin and 5-methoxypsoralen showed the most potent inhibiting power Conclusion D anethifolia extract showed hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and antioxidant effect as well as ameliorating kidney function This extract and some linear furanocoumarins exhibited carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes inhibitory effect

/pdf/preliminary-in-vitro-and-in-vivo-evaluation-of-antidiabetic-1kwl45ikp1.pdf

M.Cruz Pastor

Papers

A simple procedure for the routine determination of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase with pyridoxal phosphate