Apoptosis, the cell’s natural mechanism for death, is a promising target for anticancer therapy. Both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways use caspases to carry out apoptosis through the cleavage of hundreds of proteins. In cancer, the apoptotic pathway is typically inhibited through a wide variety of means including overexpression of antiapoptotic proteins and under-expression of proapoptotic proteins. Many of these changes cause intrinsic resistance to the most common anticancer therapy, chemotherapy. Promising new anticancer therapies are plant-derived compounds that exhibit anticancer activity through activating the apoptotic pathway.

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/19/2/448/pdf

Apoptosis: A Target for Anticancer Therapy

Aging is the progressive loss of organ and tissue function over time. Growing older is positively linked to cognitive and biological degeneration such as physical frailty, psychological impairment, and cognitive decline. Oxidative stress is considered as an imbalance between pro- and antioxidant species, which results in molecular and cellular damage. Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the development of age-related diseases. Emerging research evidence has suggested that antioxidant can control the autoxidation by interrupting the propagation of free radicals or by inhibiting the formation of free radicals and subsequently reduce oxidative stress, improve immune function, and increase healthy longevity. Indeed, oxidation damage is highly dependent on the inherited or acquired defects in enzymes involved in the redox-mediated signaling pathways. Therefore, the role of molecules with antioxidant activity that promote healthy aging and counteract oxidative stress is worth to discuss further. Of particular interest in this article, we highlighted the molecular mechanisms of antioxidants involved in the prevention of age-related diseases. Taken together, a better understanding of the role of antioxidants involved in redox modulation of inflammation would provide a useful approach for potential interventions, and subsequently promoting healthy longevity.

/pdf/antioxidant-and-oxidative-stress-a-mutual-interplay-in-age-22zo7ofsyc.pdf

Antioxidant and Oxidative Stress: A Mutual Interplay in Age-Related Diseases

Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) has been shown to be crucial in tumorigenesis where the EMT program enhances metastasis, chemoresistance and tumor stemness. Due to its emerging role as a pivotal driver of tumorigenesis, targeting EMT is of great therapeutic interest in counteracting metastasis and chemoresistance in cancer patients. The hallmark of EMT is the upregulation of N-cadherin followed by the downregulation of E-cadherin, and this process is regulated by a complex network of signaling pathways and transcription factors. In this review, we summarized the recent understanding of the roles of E- and N-cadherins in cancer invasion and metastasis as well as the crosstalk with other signaling pathways involved in EMT. We also highlighted a few natural compounds with potential anti-EMT property and outlined the future directions in the development of novel intervention in human cancer treatments. We have reviewed 287 published papers related to this topic and identified some of the challenges faced in translating the discovery work from bench to bedside.

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/8/10/1118/pdf

The E-Cadherin and N-Cadherin Switch in Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition: Signaling, Therapeutic Implications, and Challenges.

There is much epidemiological evidence that a diet rich in fruits and vegetables could lower the risk of certain cancers. The effect has been attributed, in part, to natural polyphenols. Besides, numerous studies have demonstrated that natural polyphenols could be used for the prevention and treatment of cancer. Potential mechanisms included antioxidant, anti-inflammation as well as the modulation of multiple molecular events involved in carcinogenesis. The current review summarized the anticancer efficacy of major polyphenol classes (flavonoids, phenolic acids, lignans and stilbenes) and discussed the potential mechanisms of action, which were based on epidemiological, in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies within the past five years.

https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/8/8/515/pdf

Natural Polyphenols for Prevention and Treatment of Cancer

Natural product compounds have recently attracted significant attention from the scientific community for their potent effects against inflammation-driven diseases, including cancer. A significant amount of research, including preclinical, clinical, and epidemiological studies, has indicated that dietary consumption of polyphenols, found at high levels in cereals, pulses, vegetables, and fruits, may prevent the evolution of an array of diseases, including cancer. Cancer development is a carefully orchestrated progression where normal cells acquires mutations in their genetic makeup, which cause the cells to continuously grow, colonize, and metastasize to other organs such as the liver, lungs, colon, and brain. Compounds that modulate these oncogenic processes can be considered as potential anti-cancer agents that may ultimately make it to clinical application. Resveratrol, a natural stilbene and a non-flavonoid polyphenol, is a phytoestrogen that possesses anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and anti-cancer properties. It has been reported that resveratrol can reverse multidrug resistance in cancer cells, and, when used in combination with clinically used drugs, it can sensitize cancer cells to standard chemotherapeutic agents. Several novel analogs of resveratrol have been developed with improved anti-cancer activity, bioavailability, and pharmacokinetic profile. The current focus of this review is resveratrol's in vivo and in vitro effects in a variety of cancers, and intracellular molecular targets modulated by this polyphenol. This is also accompanied by a comprehensive update of the various clinical trials that have demonstrated it to be a promising therapeutic and chemopreventive agent.

The Role of Resveratrol in Cancer Therapy

Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a perennial herb belongs to Compositae family used as a natural sweetener for diabetic patients, and it is native to Paraguay. Moreover, the tissue culture techniques were used to identify the best medium for callus induction and the regeneration using different concentrations of phytohormones to produce a high number of shoots and roots in each genotype. Results indicate that the Murashige and Skoog (MS) or (Linsmaier & Skoog) LS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l 2,4-D + 0.5 mg/l BAP + 1.0 mg/l GA3 was the favorable for all calli characters and the genotype-4 was the best one for callus induction. The green embryos character was highest in genotypes4 with the regeneration media containing MS salts + 2.0 mg/l BAP. The high percent of multiplication and elongation shoots were obtained with genotypes-5 and 3 with a medium which containing MS salts + 0.1 mg/l BAP. Finally, the medium which contained MS salts only was the best one for differentiated roots.

Micropropagation of Seven Stevia rebaudiana Bert. Genotypes Via Adult Leaf Explants

The sustainable utilization of geothermal resources is intimately connected to an accurate assessment of ground thermal response to energy injection/extraction. In this context, the optimization strategies and sizing methodologies are calculated from the balance of the reservoir's energy demand. Therefore, accurate numerical modeling of the thermodynamic behavior of the ground heat exchanger is crucial for the optimal design of geothermal reservoirs. Herein, the methods of numerical modeling of geothermal systems as a framework for the sizing and design of geothermal plants are presented. Moreover, a critical review of geothermal reservoir modeling for heat extraction purposes is outlined. Different numerical methods, such as the finite element method, finite difference method, finite volume method, etc., which are used to simulate and describe the heat transfer extraction of geothermal wells, geothermal reservoirs, and geothermal energy piles are discussed. Furthermore, a general methodological perspective of integrated analysis is presented in an overview of the limits of the reservoir simulation. Moreover, the recent advances in various parameters affecting the heat extraction performance of geothermal heat exchangers including pipe diameter, pipe arrangement, pipe pitch, center-to-center distance, pipe material, pipe length, and borehole depth are also discussed. This paper can be regarded as a decision-making tool and provide a useful pathway for sizing parameters selection and sustainable geothermal utilization system. 

Recent advances in geothermal energy reservoirs modeling: Challenges and potential of thermo-fluid integrated models for reservoir heat extraction and geothermal energy piles design

Abstract The new cyclodiphosph(V)azane derivatives (1,3-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-2',4'-bis(2,4-bis(dimethylaminopropylimino)cyclodiphosph(V)azane (H2L1) (1,3-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-2',4'-bis(2,4-bis(dimethylaminoethylimino)cyclodiphosph(V)azane (H2L2) and (1,3-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-2'-(dimethylaminoethylimino)-4'-(dimethylaminopropyl-imino)cyclodiphosph(V)azane (H2L3) containing four active coordination centers (NNNN) and their Cu(II) complexes have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, spectroscopic methods, molar conductance as well as thermal and magnetic measurements. The UV–Vis and mass spectra of the ligands and their Cu(II) complexes were also recorded. The copper(II) complexes were found to have magnetic moments of 1.58–1.69 B. M. corresponding to one unpaired electron. The possible geometries of the complexes were assigned on the basis of EPR, electronic, and infrared spectral studies. The absence of water molecules in all complexes was supported by thermal studies. All the thermal decomposition processes ended with the formation of CuO. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters have been calculated. The ligand (H2L3) and its Cu(II) complexes were screened for their anticancer studies against human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and minimum inhibitory concentration was calculated. The screening was extended to the antibacterial activity using Kirby–Bauer single disk susceptibility test for all compounds. Graphical Abstract

Synthesis, spectral characterization, anticancer and antibacterial studies of cyclodiphosph(V)azane derivatives and their copper(II) complexes

A Novel Leaky Downhole Coaxial Geothermal System for Maximizing Geothermal Energy Production: Comprehensive Thermo-Economic Modeling and Parametric Analysis

Background: Hydrogen peroxide is currently the most widely used as an apoptosis inducer due to its broad cytotoxic efficacy against nearly all cell types. cytotoxicity is achieved over a wide range of doses Objective: To evaluate the cytotoxic effect of hydrogen peroxide on renal cell lines by detecting RIPK1. Methods: In this study, we used a Vero cell line treated with H 2 O 2 at concentrations 0.1 mM, 0.2 mM, 0.4 mM, 0.8 mM, and 1.6 mM and examined after 30 min,1hour,2hours,3hours, 4hours and 5 hours. by using MTT assay to detect cytotoxicity to cell line (by detecting cell viability). Spectrophotometrically measure the absorbance at a wavelength of 570 nm. Measure the background absorbance of multi-well plates at 690 nm and subtract from the 450 nm measurement. Sub-lethal dose to renal cell line is one treated with 1.6 mM for 5 hours. groups group 1: renal cell line as control which not treated by H2O2. group 2: Sub-lethal which renal cell line treated by concentration 1.6 mM of H2O2 for 5 hours. Results: H2O2 is cytotoxic to renal cell line by concentration from 0.1 mM to 1.6 mM. RIPK1 gene expressed in renal cell line treated by H2O2. The sublethal dose reached 1.6 mM for 5 hours. There is a significant difference between the 2 groups by detecting the expression of the RIPK1 gene.

M. E. Zayed

Papers

Micropropagation of Seven Stevia rebaudiana Bert. Genotypes Via Adult Leaf Explants

Recent advances in geothermal energy reservoirs modeling: Challenges and potential of thermo-fluid integrated models for reservoir heat extraction and geothermal energy piles design

Synthesis, spectral characterization, anticancer and antibacterial studies of cyclodiphosph(V)azane derivatives and their copper(II) complexes

A Novel Leaky Downhole Coaxial Geothermal System for Maximizing Geothermal Energy Production: Comprehensive Thermo-Economic Modeling and Parametric Analysis

Induction of renal cell line apoptosis by hydrogen peroxide