A ceramic fuel cell in an all solid-state energy conversion device that produces electricity by electrochemically combining fuel and oxidant gases across an ionic conducting oxide. Current ceramic fuel cells use an oxygen-ion conductor or a proton conductor as the electrolyte and operate at high temperatures (>600°C). Ceramic fuel cells, commonly referred to as solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), are presently under development for a variety of power generation applications. This paper reviews the science and technology of ceramic fuel cells and discusses the critical issues posed by the development of this type of fuel cell. The emphasis is given to the discussion of component materials (especially, ZrO2 electrolyte, nickel/ZrO2 cermet anode, LaMnO3 cathode, and LaCrO3 interconnect), gas reactions at the electrodes, stack designs, and processing techniques used in the fabrication of required ceramic structures.

Ceramic Fuel Cells

Progress in material selection for solid oxide fuel cell technology: A review

Mixed ionic-electronic conducting (MIEC) ceramic-based membranes for oxygen separation

Bismuth oxide systems exhibit high oxide ion conductivity and have been proposed as good electrolyte materials for applications such as solid oxide fuel cells and oxygen sensors. However, due to their instability under conditions of low oxygen partial pressures there has been difficulty in developing these materials as alternative electrolyte materials compared to the state-of-the-art cubic stabilised zirconia electrolyte. Bismuth oxide and doped bismuth oxide systems exhibit a complex array of structures and properties depending upon the dopant concentration, temperature and atmosphere. In this paper we comprehensively review the structures, thermal expansion, phase transitions, electrical conductivity and stability of bismuth oxide and doped bismuth oxide systems. ©

Bismuth based oxide electrolytes— structure and ionic conductivity

Oxide ion conducting solid electrolytes based on Bi2O3

The electrode behavior of Pt-sputtered and PT-gauze electrodes on ZrO2-Y2O3, Bi2O3-Er2O3, and CeO2-Gd2O3 solid electrolyteswas investigated by means of d-c measurements in the temperature region of 770–1050 K and in the oxygen partialpressure region of 10–5 – 1 atm O2 using N2-O2 mixtures. On these different materials the same electrode morphology wasrealized and was preserved during the subsequent experiments. The electrode process is strongly influenced by the natureof the electrolyte. The electrode resistance for Pt electrodes on Bi2O3-Er2O3 was found to be many times lower than onZrO2-Y2O3 and CeO2-Gd2O3. On zirconia- and ceria-based materials diffusion of atomic oxygen on the Pt electrode is therate-determining step in the electrode process, whereas for bismuth sesquioxide-based materials diffusion on the oxidesurfaces is rate determining.

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Oxygen Transfer on Substituted ZrO2, Bi2O3, and CeO2 Electrolytes with Platinum Electrodes. I. Electrode Resistance by D-C Polarization

Oxygen transfer on substituted zirconium oxide, bismuth(iii) oxide, and cerium(iv) oxide electrolytes with platinum electrodes. i. electrode resistance by d.c. polarization

M. J. Verkerk

Papers

Oxygen Transfer on Substituted ZrO2, Bi2O3, and CeO2 Electrolytes with Platinum Electrodes. I. Electrode Resistance by D-C Polarization

Oxygen transfer on substituted zirconium oxide, bismuth(iii) oxide, and cerium(iv) oxide electrolytes with platinum electrodes. i. electrode resistance by d.c. polarization