International Journal of Computer and Applications

Multiple antenna technologies have attracted much research interest for several decades and have gradually made their way into mainstream communication systems. Two main benefits are adaptive beamforming gains and spatial multiplexing, leading to high data rates per user and per cell, especially when large antenna arrays are adopted. Since multiple antenna technology has become a key component of the fifth-generation (5G) networks, it is time for the research community to look for new multiple antenna technologies to meet the immensely higher data rate, reliability, and traffic demands in the beyond 5G era. Radically new approaches are required to achieve orders-of-magnitude improvements in these metrics. There will be large technical challenges, many of which are yet to be identified. In this paper, we survey three new multiple antenna technologies that can play key roles in beyond 5G networks: cell-free massive MIMO, beamspace massive MIMO, and intelligent reflecting surfaces. For each of these technologies, we present the fundamental motivation, key characteristics, recent technical progresses, and provide our perspectives for future research directions. The paper is not meant to be a survey/tutorial of a mature subject, but rather serve as a catalyst to encourage more research and experiments in these multiple antenna technologies.

/pdf/prospective-multiple-antenna-technologies-for-beyond-5g-m5fvfgltfg.pdf

Prospective Multiple Antenna Technologies for Beyond 5G

Multiple antenna technologies have attracted large research interest for several decades and have gradually made their way into mainstream communication systems. Two main benefits are adaptive beamforming gains and spatial multiplexing, leading to high data rates per user and per cell, especially when large antenna arrays are used. Now that multiple antenna technology has become a key component of the fifth-generation (5G) networks, it is time for the research community to look for new multiple antenna applications to meet the immensely higher data rate, reliability, and traffic demands in the beyond 5G era. We need radically new approaches to achieve orders-of-magnitude improvements in these metrics and this will be connected to large technical challenges, many of which are yet to be identified. In this survey paper, we present a survey of three new multiple antenna related research directions that might play a key role in beyond 5G networks: Cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), beamspace massive MIMO, and intelligent reflecting surfaces. More specifically, the fundamental motivation and key characteristics of these new technologies are introduced. Recent technical progress is also presented. Finally, we provide a list of other prospective future research directions.

Data Aggregation Techniques in WSN:Survey

Software-defined Radios: Architecture, state-of-the-art, and challenges

Rotman lenses are the beguiling devices used by the beamforming networks (BFNs). These lenses are generally used in the radar surveillance systems to see targets in multiple directions due to its multibeam capability without physically moving the antenna system. Now a days these lenses are being integrated into many radars and electronic warfare systems around the world. The antenna should be capable of producing multiple beams which can be steered without changing the orientation of the antenna. Microwave lenses are the one who support low-phase error, wideband, and wide-angle scanning. They are the true time delay (TTD) devices producing frequency independent beam steering. The emerging printed lenses in recent years have facilitated the advancement of designing high performance but low-profile, light-weight, and small-size and networks (BFNs). This paper will review and analyze various design concepts used over the years to improve the scanning capability of the lens developed by various researchers.

/pdf/a-review-on-the-development-of-rotman-lens-antenna-240y16aese.pdf

A Review on the Development of Rotman Lens Antenna

Field Programmable Gate Arrays FPGAs are highly desirable for implementation of digital systems due to their flexibility, programmability and low end product life cycle. In more than 20 years since the introduction of FPGA, research and development has produced dramatic improvements in FPGA speed and area efficiency, narrowing the gap between FPGAs and ASICs and making FPGAs the platform of choice for implementing digital circuits. FPGAs hold significant promise as a fast to market replacement. Unfortunately, the advantages of FPGAs are offset in many cases by their high power consumption and area. The goal is to reduce the power consumption without sacrificing much performance or incurring a large chip area so that the territories of FPGAs applications can expand more effectively. Reducing the power of FPGAs is the key to lowering packaging and cooling costs, improving device reliability, and opening the door to new markets such as mobile electronics. This paper presents the tips to lower down the static and dynamic power dissipation in FPGAs. It gives an overview of various techniques at system, device, and circuit and architecture level used for reduction of power consumption of FPGAs and their outcomes.

/pdf/reduction-of-power-consumption-in-fpgas-an-overview-4mi9yujwki.pdf

Reduction of Power Consumption in FPGAs - An Overview

recognition is the process of recognizing the speaker based on characteristics such as pitch ,tone in the speech wave.Background noise influences the overall efficiency of speaker recognition system and is still considered as one of the most challenging issue in Speaker Recognition System (SRS). In this paper mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) feature is used along with Vector Quantisation(VQ)- LBG (Linde, Buzo and Gray, 1980) algorithm for designing SRS. MFCC feature is extracted from the input speech and then vector quantization of the extracted MFCC features is done using VQLBG algorithm. It reduces the dimensionality of the input vector .These MFCCs are used as the speaker features for matching via Support Vector Machine (SVM) method. The experimental results show that the proposed text- dependent speaker identification system gives an accuracy rate of 95.0%.

/pdf/speaker-recognition-using-support-vector-machine-52b9us5hx2.pdf

Speaker Recognition using Support Vector Machine

the current era of wireless network, popularity of MANET is increasing at a very fast pace. Reason for this increased attention is the wide range of multimedia applications running in an infrastructure less environment. Because of the infrastructure less environment, limited power and dynamic topology it becomes very difficult to provide a secure environment in MANET. In this paper we are providing a detailed survey of different kind of attacks and proposed solutions for handling those attacks. This paper also gives a brief comparison of various protocols available for secured routing in MANET.

/pdf/a-comparative-study-for-secure-routing-in-manet-31rs6jh3ix.pdf

A Comparative Study for Secure Routing in MANET

Mobile ad-hoc networks are networks that have properties of self configuration and multi hopping. These networks do not have any fixed infrastructure and need to be dynamic in nature. The specification of dynamism leads to various security breaches that a MANET suffers from such as impersonation, data modification etc. which results in degradation of performance and hence QOS is strongly affected. Hence this paper focuses on improving security performance of MANET by employing biometric technique in combination with cryptography, since biometric perception is specified as the most neoteric technological advancement which enhance security specifications of various networks by specifying exclusive human identification features. Cryptography is designed on computational hardness assumptions making various algorithms hard to break by an adversary. Simulation and experimental results specify that the proposed crypto- metric perception technique leads in achieving better QOS parameters by avoiding security intrusions hence better performance of mobile ad-hoc networks.

/pdf/a-novel-crypt-biometric-perception-algorithm-to-protract-b76962uc4d.pdf

M. K. Soni

Papers

A Review on the Development of Rotman Lens Antenna

Reduction of Power Consumption in FPGAs - An Overview

Speaker Recognition using Support Vector Machine

A Comparative Study for Secure Routing in MANET

A Novel Crypt-Biometric Perception Algorithm to Protract Security in MANET