Data Mining Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques

Over the past decades, extensive studies on municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) ashes have been performed to develop more effective recycling and waste management programs. Despite the large amount of research activities and the resulting improvements to MSWI ashes, the recycling programs for MSWI ashes are limited. For instance, although the U.S. generates more MSWI ashes than any other country in the world, its reuse/recycle programs are limited; bottom ash and fly ash are combined and disposed of in landfills. Reuse of MSWI ashes in the construction sectors (i.e., geomaterials, asphalt paving, and concrete products) as replacements for raw materials is one of most promising options because of the large consumption and relatively lenient environmental criteria. The main objective of this study was to comprehensively review MSWI ashes with regard to specific engineering properties and their performance as construction materials. The focus was on (1) the current practices of MSWI ash management (in particular, a comparison between European countries and the U.S.), (2) the engineering properties and performance of ashes when they are used as substitutes of construction materials and for field applications, and (3) the environmental properties and criteria for the use of MSWI ashes. Overall, the asphalt and concrete applications are the most promising, from both the mechanical and leachate viewpoints. However, cons were also observed: high absorption of MSWI ash requires a high asphalt binder content in hot-mix asphalt, and metallic elements in the ash may generate H2 gas in the high-pH environment of the concrete. These side effects can be predicted via material characterization (i.e., chemical and physical), and accordingly, proper treatment and/or modified mix proportioning can be performed prior to use.

https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/14/3143/pdf

Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) Ashes as Construction Materials-A Review.

Predictive Analytics with Tensorflow

Air Pollution Control (APC) residues from Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) is considered a problematic hazardous waste, with no current viable reuse, within the UK Therefore, it is often treated before being deposited into a landfill This research explores a number of novel techniques to mitigate the hazardous properties of this waste by investigating thermal treatment and cold bonding Thermal treatment was investigated to manufacture inert Light Weight Aggregate (LWA) by sintering APC residues with clay The addition of 20% APC residue produced the highest fracture strength of 578MPa Treatment through cold bonding was achieved using the geopolymerisation process The developed material achieved a compressive strength of approximately 235 MPa The data from the APC residues based geopolymer experimentation was used to develop a machine learning model to predict the compressive strength of the geopolymer
In addition, it was observed through a comprehensive literature review, that complexities arising due to significant variations in the composition of the residue, makes it very difficult to produce a commercially stable product Therefore, the research tackles this problem by developing an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model to identify and classify different types of residues/ashes based on their chemical composition as determined by X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy Overall this research showed that machine learning could be very beneficial to this field to determine the capabilities for various reuse applications for ash waste

M. Khalid

Papers

An Investigation into the treatment and modelling of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) Air Pollution Control (APC) residues