Some basic directions in the global development of agricultural machinery and global trends in the dig-ital transformation of agriculture are reviewed and identified based on analysis of reports and articles by well-known expert organizations in this field. The analysis of the technical re-equipment of the Belarusian crop production over the past decade has been carried out, the directions of digitalization of agricultural production of the republic identified by the current State programs in the agricultural sector and Decree of the President of the Republic of Belarus No. 8 "On the Development of the Digital Economy" have been determined.

World trends in agricultural engineering and the direction of technical and technological modernization of crop production in the Republic of Belarus

A new mechanism for assistance to the innovative development of the agro-industrial complex (AIC) and rural areas of the Union State of Belarus and Russia — the project «Development and improvement of supplementary vocational education of managers and specialists of the agro-industrial complex of the Union State of Belarus and Russia on the basis of a single educational and innovative platform» — is suggested in this article. The project is aimed at improvement of the career development system and the system of professional retraining of personnel, improving the professional level of managers and specialists of the agro-industrial complex of the union state. We put the following as targets: the development of principles and mechanisms for improving the integrated system of professional retraining, career development system, internship of AIC personnel and scientifi c and pedagogical personnel of educational institutions of Belarus and Russia; improvement and harmonization of the learning and teaching base of the system of supplementary vocational agricultural education; implementation of joint educational retraining programs, professional development programs for managers and specialists of agri-sphere organizations; organization of joint internships to get skilled in using modern production and management technologies in leading organizations of the AIC, scientific and educational institutions of Belarus and Russia.

Improving the system of supplementary vocational education for the integration development of the agro-industrial complex and rural areas of the Union state of Belarus and Russia on a project basis

The article provides definitions of the basic and frequently used concepts in the fi eld of automation of functions and management tasks in the agroindustrial complex. The results of a quantitative analysis of implemented projects for the implementation of IT systems, software products and complex IT services at agricultural enterprises in Russia are presented. The groups(by types of technologies and classes of systems) of the most common IT systems used in the management of agricultural enterprises on the territory of the Russian Federation have been identified. Possible prospects and benefits from the introduction of technologies and specialized information management systems are discussed as modern most important tools for increasing the effi ciency of activities and the existing management system at the enterprises of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Belarus.

The role of automated information systems in increasing the effi ciency of agricultural business

In countries with developed economies, technologies such as cloud computing are actively used. A cloud resource is a model for obtaining network access (if necessary) to a shared computing resource, i.e. this data storage system is quickly allocated and provided with the least managerial eff ort and at the same time reduces interference from the service provider. The purpose of the work was to develop a methodology for choosing a cloud service for automating accounting in small business organizations, including in the fi eld of agricultural production. In Russia, the market of online services for accounting and business management has begun to take shape. Recently, there are several dozen software products, among them such as “Contour.Elba”, “Contour.Accounting”, “My business”, “Button”, “Sky”, “Bukhsoft Online”, “Finguru”, etc. The theoretical and methodological principles of the introduction of cloud technologies for automation of accounting in a small enterprise have been discussed and analyzed in the article. An analytical study of cloud services of different firms represented on the domestic market has been carried out. The research having conducted in the fi eld of determining the most optimal cloud resource for automated accounting for the small enterprise, it was concluded that the cloud service of the company “Contour.Elba” is most precisely suitable for solving the problems of implementing automated accounting at a medium-sized business enterprise, including for farming enterprise. This resource scored the highest number of points when comparing the indicators of the program’s capability and the cost of the product.

Methodology of choosing a cloud service for automation of accounting in small business organizations

The history of the bilateral relations between Belarus and the United States from 1991 to 2020 was difficult and controversial. In 1991–1996 the relationship was positive and dynamic, extending to many areas from international security to humanitarian contacts and exchanges among people. After the 1996 referendum, the relationship soured. Washington adopted 
a policy of selective engagement, with limited dialogue with the government and more extensive support for humanitarian 
contacts, civil society and trade links. From 2013 to June 2020 Minsk and Washington took tentative steps towards normalcy, 
but in 2020 the dynamic reversed again.

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Bilateral relations between belarus and the united states of america: a history of hopes and disappointments

In the creation of new eff ective systems of corporate management in the agricultural sector of the Republic of Belarus at the moment, the latest advanced information and communication technologies come to the fore. Through the active use of these technologies today it is already becoming possible to perceive and subsequently process huge amounts of information, clear structuring and formalization of the received data, providing switching, routing and high-speed exchange of information and data between the control units (objects) and the control system itself. In connection with the global trend of deep digital transformation of all spheres of the economy and clearly defi ned directions of today’s state economic policy and prospects for the gradual transition to full-format digitalization of domestic agriculture, there is a real need to create modern «digital» management systems in agriculture, both at the enterprise level, and at the district (regional) and Republican levels in order to improve the eff ectiveness of enterprises in the industry. To date, one of the promising tasks in the further improvement of the functioning of agricultural organizations is the development of domestic methods for choosing the best options for digitalization of management of agricultural production and processing enterprises of diff erent organizational and legal forms. The general principles of informatization, digitalization of management processes in agricultural enterprises and the principles of building diff erent basic models of information and analytical systems in order to modernize existing management systems in the fi eld of agriculture have been discussed in the article.

The systems of corporate management in the fi eld of Agro-Industrial complex with the use of information technologies and their modernization

An analysis is given and proposals are presented to increase the level of maintenance during the implementation of Federal Law No. 297-FZ by improving the testability and adaptability to diagnosing resource-determining units of domestic energysaturated equipment.

Increasing the Level of Maintenance of Energy-saturated Equipment

Reducing the excess costs of the consumer due to timely maintenance and increasing the efficiency of detecting deviations in technical condition to improve operational reliability is an important task in improving the efficiency of using energy-saturated tractors of domestic production. In order to promptly provide initial information on the degree of use and the current state of resource-determining parts and assemblies, as well as to increase the controllability and adaptability to diagnosis, indicator counters integrated into the design of tractors are used. Diagnostics and information collection allows us to prevent failures and minimize costs under the conditions of branded service, as well as to monitor the current state of equipment that is under warranty or under lease. In the production of energy-saturated tractors most of the main components and aggregates in the JSC "St. Petersburg Tractor Plant" transmissions are made independently, with the exception of bearings and friction discs. Therefore, in order to increase the operational reliability of the tractor as a whole the proposals for the development of indicator counters were carried out primarily to increase the controllability and adaptability to the diagnosis of power transmissions, as the most relevant for minimizing the costs of the manufacturer, leasing company, and end user. Producing plants, research teams and individual laboratories are engaged in research to solve problems of increasing the resource of agricultural machines and tractors. However, the main indicators of the reliability of agricultural machinery increase with low dynamics, and the cost of maintaining machines increases sharply in the post-warranty period of operation [1-3].

Practical implementation of research on the introduction of on-board meters-indicators for monitoring the technical condition of tractors

One of the most important indicators that are used in the characterization and analysis of the processes of intensification of agriculture are indicators of the availability of agricultural enterprises with energy resources such as energy security and power supply capacity. The purpose of the work was to analyze the dynamics of indicators of energy security and power supply capacity of agricultural organizations in the Republic of Belarus. A number of important points and indicators characterizing the current state and potential of Belarusian agricultural production has been considered in the article. It has been established that over the past decade in agricultural organizations of the Republic there has been a decrease in the indicator of energy security by 15 %, and the power supply capacity of labour has increased more than 1,4 times during this time. On the overall efficiency of agricultural and livestock production, on the level of labour productivity in agricultural organizations, indicators of power supply capacity have a very significant and very often decisive impact. Under the conditions of the steady decline in the number of people employed in the agro-industrial complex, the increase in the volume of cultivated areas and, in general, with the increase in the physical volumes of products produced in crop production and animal husbandry, the role of energy-saturated machines, machinery, equipment and their rational use is repeatedly increasing. The requirements for productivity, functionality, efficiency, reliability of agricultural machinery, machines and aggregates are seriously increasing. Only the comprehensive and systematic technical and technological re-equipment of agricultural production, its saturation with high-tech, high-performance agricultural machines, complexes and equipment will be able to ensure the significant increase in labour productivity, minimize the expenditures of all types of material, fuel and energy resources and, as the result, maximize the fulfillment of tasks to preserve the country’s food security.

M. Kostomakhin

Papers

The systems of corporate management in the fi eld of Agro-Industrial complex with the use of information technologies and their modernization

Increasing the Level of Maintenance of Energy-saturated Equipment

Practical implementation of research on the introduction of on-board meters-indicators for monitoring the technical condition of tractors

Dynamics of indicators of energy security and power supply capacity of agricultural organizations in Belarus

System for Remote Monitoring of Tractors and Detection of Their Incorrect Operation