We investigated an effect of the direct impact of a constant magnetic field on wastewater properties modification. Wastewater from two sources (differing in physical and chemical properties) was used in the experiment. Analyses regarded the impact of a constant magnetic field on the properties of wastewater prepared from powdered milk and on the composition of sewage taken directly from municipal sewage system. The experiment was carried out in the laboratory scale with the use of the technological systems comprised of magnetic activators of liquids. An obvious and regular reduction was observed in COD (2555%), chlorides (25–40%), N-NH4 (50-66%), P-PO4 to the values of 3.37-6.00 mg/dm 3, and a considerable increase of Fe concentration. The parameters of both magnetically-treated wastewater types were modified to a similar degree and displayed analogous modification tendencies.

Effect of the constant magnetic field on the composition of dairy wastewater and domestic sewage

Constant magnetic field (CMF) was investigated for its potential to intensify chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal in wastewater when applied with a generalized Fenton reaction. Various types of industrial and domestic wastewater were tested in the experiment. A significant dependence was observed between the wastewater type, dose of reacting substances, time of exposure to CMF, effectiveness of COD removal, and the rate of the advanced oxidation process. The use of CMF resulted in the improvement of the treatment process; however, the efficiency depended to a great extent on the type of wastewater and characteristics of the contained organic matter. Domestic wastewater seemed to be most amenable to the applied treatment (82% COD reduction). The least reduction in COD occurred for wood industry wastewater. In the analyzed wastewater, intense oxidation was observed during the first 60 minutes of the process. Longer reaction time did not increase COD reduction, with the exception of wood industry wastewater. The experiment revealed the possibility of applying smaller doses of the Fenton's reagent, thereby keeping up unchanged treatment efficiency, provided that CMFs are applied.

Chemical oxygen demand reduction of various wastewater types using magnetic field-assisted fenton reaction.

The study investigated wastewater treatment in an aerobic reactor with activated sludge exposed to static magnetic field (SMF) with mean induction of 8.1 mT. The efficiency of chemical oxygen demand removal was about 90% in a control reactor and an SMF-exposed reactor. Although the nitrification efficiency was higher than 95% in both reactors, the activity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria was higher in the SMF-exposed reactor. This resulted in shortening of nitrification time to 4 h compared to 8 h in the control reactor. Higher number of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in the SMF-exposed reactor might result from increased oxygen penetration into the liquid exposed to SMF, which favored growth of these bacteria. The results indicate that SMF enhanced nitrification, the most sensitive process from the biological nitrogen transformations. SMF influenced the overall biomass content that was 14% higher in the SMF-exposed reactor than in the control reactor.

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Nitrification in Activated Sludge Exposed to Static Magnetic Field

Present research was aimed towards designing and construction of efficient plastic media-trickling filter (TF) for the treatment of domestic wastewater. The hydraulic flow rate through the TF was maintained at80±2 ml/min at a temperature range of 5 -15∫C by selecting treatmenttime of 12, 24, 36 and 48 hrs. Parameters like COD, BOD 5, TSS, turbidity, NO 3, NO2, SO4, PO4 and pathogenic indicator microbes were monitored after treatment of 12, 24, 36 and 48 hrs. The efficiency of the TF was improved with increase of time from 12 to 48 hrs. Maximum efficiency of TF was observed after 48 hrs treatment viz. 93.45, 93, 86.25, 57.8, 63.15, 25, 32.43, 99.95 and 86.3% reduction from the zero time value forBOD 5, COD, TSS, PO 4, SO4, NO3, NO2, turbidityand fecal coliforms respectively.Finally 48 hrs treated sample was passed through sand filter (SF) for further final polishing and a pproximately, 95.72, 95, 100, 73.5, 65.8, 58.3, 37.83, 100 and 91.5% reduction in BOD5, COD, TSS, PO 4, SO4, NO3, NO2, turbidity and fecal coliforms was observed. This study showed that plastic media -trickling filter along with sand filter is a

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Sequential Application of Plastic Media- Trickling Filter and Sand Filter for Domestic Wastewater Treatment at Low Temperature Condition

The possibility of an electromagnetic field (EMF) influencing the intensification of phosphorus (P) and organic compound (COD) removal from domestic wastes was investigated. The impact of an EMF as the only factor or as an intensifying element in steel packing systems that limits pollutant concentrations in the treated wastes was analysed. The research was conducted in three stages in a static system at the laboratory scale. A significant dependence between the kind of system used, time of detention, flux intensity electromagnetic field and the effectiveness of the pollutants limitation were observed. Most efficient was the system that combined simultaneously steel filling and under electromagnetic flux intensity Φ = 100.0 μWb and Φ = 135.0 μWb. In the case of 48 hours the reaction time let to remove from the system the whole phosphorus amount as P-PO4 for treated sewage. These technological variants seem to be the most effective as for Ptot and COD.

The influence of different intensity electromagnetic fields on phosphorus and COD removal from domestic wastewater in steel packing systems

The objective of this study was to define the removal rate of the indicator microorganisms on various types of trickling filters with regard to the influence of: magnetic stream and electric current passage, and the effectiveness of microorganism adsorption onto the media. The hydraulic loading in the first eight variants were changing, while variants 9-14 were peformed at a constant loading. The study results have indicated a positive influence of the extra energy sources, i. e. a magnetic stream and electric current on the process of indicatory microorganism removal from waste water.

M Krzemieniewski

Papers

Effectiveness of Indicatory Microorganism Removal on Trickling Filter with Biofilm in Magnetic Field