Soil Chemical Analysis

Towards the plant stress mitigate the agricultural productivity: a book review

Towards the current need to enhance legume productivity and soil sustainability worldwide: a book review

An experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2014, aims of the experiment were to investigate suitable sowing environment and bio-regulator and its effect on clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.), experimental treatments were applied foliar spray of thiourea (500, 1000 ppm) and salicylic acid (50, 100 ppm) at 45 and 60 days after sowing under normal (15 July) and late (30 July) sowing environments. Normal sowing performed well as compared to late sowing, in respect to all morphology and yield parameters. Amongst foliar spray, significantly higher plant height (100.17 cm), number of branches per plant (7.99), leaf area index (4.85), seed yield (9.19 q/ha) and harvest index (29.39) were recorded in foliar spray of thiourea 500 ppm as compared to all other bio-regulators spray level. Similarly, salicylic acid 100 ppm found statistically at par with thiourea 500 ppm foliar spray at 45 and 60 DAS. Impacts of climate change have significant reflections on clusterbean productivity. Sowing dates plays a vital role to determining the productivity of clusterbean with bio-regulators spray by controlling the environmental factors.

https://journals.ansfoundation.org/index.php/jans/article/download/863/822

Response of bio-regulators to morphology and yield of clusterbean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.] under different sowing environments

The current progress in agricultural production does not really cater to the demand of the burgeoning human population Consequently, this puts global food and nutritional security at a great risk This challenge calls for concerted efforts of all stakeholders to produce required quantity and quality of assured foods for ensuring food security In the past, the principal driving force was to increase the yield potential of food crops and to maximize productivity Today, the drive for productivity is increasingly combined with a desire for sustainability For farming systems to remain productive and to be sustainable in the long term, it will be necessary to replenish the reserves of nutrients which are removed or lost from the soil The nitrogen (N) inputs derived from atmospheric N via biological N fixation (BNF) Therefore, current farming systems need sustainable intensification through the inclusion of legume crops This facilitates the precise use of nitrogen (N) by reducing their losses into the environment and ensures self-sufficiency in protein The relevance of legumes in this context is enhanced as these crops offer numerous amenities that remain in line with prevalent sustainability principles Legume crops provide protein-rich food, oil and fibre while supplying the 195 Tg N year−1 (also includes actinorhizal species) to the agroecosystem through the process of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) Besides serving as the fundamental global source of good-quality food and feed, legume crops contribute to 15% of the N in an intercropped cereal and mitigate the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) by reducing the application demand of synthetic nitrogenous fertilizers Legume cultivation releases up to seven times less GHGs per unit area than non-legume crops Legumes allow the sequestration of carbon (142 Mg C ha−1 year−1) in soils and induce the conservation of fossil energy inputs in the system The other benefits of legume crops include their significant positive impacts on biodiversity and soil health Rotating legume crops with non-legume crops has the dual advantage of cultivating the legumes with slight or no extra N fertilizer Care should be taken to ensure the availability of adequate N for the succeeding non-legume crops The legume crops respond very well to conservation of agricultural practices Overall, these characteristics are crucial to agriculture both in developing and developed countries apart from the conventional farming systems Legumes in rotation promote exploration of nutrients by crops from different soil layers They also help in reducing pressure on soil created by monocropping Thus, crop rotation acts like a biological pump to recycle the nutrients Hence, inclusion of legumes in the cropping system is inevitable to advance soil sustainability and food and nutritional security without compromising on the long-term soil fertility potential

Nitrogen and Legumes: A Meta-analysis

A field study was conducted during rabi seasons of 2008 and 2009 to evaluated of productivity of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) by foliar spray of bio-regulators under different irrigation environments. Amongst treatments, the application of sufficient irrigation water (four irrigations) recorded the highest number siliqua per plant, higher number of seeds per siliqua, 1000 seed weight and yields as compared to all other irrigation treatments. Results show that an increased in seed yield of 92.40 and 39.37 % under sufficient irrigation and limitedwater condition in 2008 and 93.34% and 40.31% in 2009, respectively over deficient irrigation conditions, foliar sprays of 100 ppm thioglycollic acid at initiation of branching were recorded highest yield attributes and yields. Similarly, 500 ppm of thiourea at initiation of branching and flowering stages also gave second best highest yield attributes and yields as compared to all other bio-regulators spray stages. However, bio-regulators sprays were not recorded any significant effect on oil and protein content. The results were concluded that economic feasibility to improve productivity of Indian mustard with four irrigations levels and sprays of 100 ppm thioglycollic acid and 500 ppm of thiourea at initiation of branching and flowering stages under hyper arid environment.

http://journals.ansfoundation.org/index.php/jans/article/download/562/520

Response of bio-regulators to yield and quality of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czernj. and Cosson) under different irrigation environments

Temperature use efficiency and yield of groundnut varieties in response to sowing dates and fertility levels in western dry zone of India.

The use of vermicompost, Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) as organic and inorganic sources under arid condition was tested in this study. Accordingly, a field experiment was carried out and Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) was grown in the research farm of agronomy, College of Agriculture, SKRAU, Bikaner. The experiment was conducted based on split plot design using three replications. Twenty seven treatment combinations i.e. three levels of vermicompost (control, 2.5 and 5.0 t ha-1), three levels of nitrogen (control, 40 and 80 kg ha-1) as main plot treatment and three levels of phosphorus (control, 20 and 40 kg P2O5 ha-1) as sub plot treatment was laid out. From the results, among all the treatment combined application of vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 with N level @ 40 kg ha-1 and P level 20 kg ha-1 significantly increased all the yield, quality and uptake parameters viz., seed, stover and biological yield, oil and protein content, total N, P and K uptake by coriander over the other treatments. However, fiber content of coriander not increased significantly with application of these treatments. Therefore, it appears more logical to recommend a more realistic dose of 2.5 t vermicompost ha-1, 40 kg N ha-1 and 20 kg P ha-1 for coriander crop grown on loamy sand soil under irrigated conditions of north western Rajasthan to make the fertilizer use more gainful with considerable response

https://www.chemijournal.com/archives/2017/vol5issue6/PartX/5-6-144-843.pdf

Impact of vermicompost, nitrogen and phosphorus on yield, quality and uptake of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) under arid condition

Present investigation was conducted at the Research Farm of Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal during 2017–18 and 2018–19 to study the performance of chickpea crop under various nutrient management modules in a Vertisol. The field experiment was set up in a randomized block design with three replications of twelve different INM modules. During the rabi seasons of 2017–18 and 2018–19, the chickpea (cv. JG-315) was grown with a set of treatments. The crop’s performance was evaluated in terms of growth, yield (grain and straw), nutritional content, and nutrient uptake under different treatments. At crop harvest, the physic-chemical characteristics of the soil were also evaluated. Finally, the relationship between the numerous examined parameters was determined. The results showed that integrated nutrient management modules had a positive impact on chickpea crop performance and productivity when compared to using only inorganic fertilizer. The INM modules dramatically increased soil organic carbon and improved soil health in terms of physical and chemical qualities, in addition to higher crop performance. Among the various modules, (1) application of 75% STCR dose + FYM @ 5t ha-1to maize followed by 100% P only to chickpea and (2) application of FYM @ 20t ha-1to maize followed by FYM @ 5t ha-1 to chickpea increased the productivity and nutrient uptake in chickpea, improved soil physico-chemical properties and reflected as viable technique in improving soil nutrient availability on sustainable basis.

/pdf/performance-of-chickpea-cicer-arietinum-l-in-maize-chickpea-2jcqxv7k.pdf

Performance of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in maize-chickpea sequence under various integrated nutrient modules in a Vertisol of Central India

Under sufficient water conditions plants produced more number of branches/plant and produced higher dry matter as compared to deficient irrigation. An increase in seed yield of 92.40 and 39.37% under sufficient irrigation and limited water condition in 2008 and 93.34 and 40.31% in 2009, respectively over deficient conditions were observed. Foliar spray of 100 ppm thioglycollic acid recorded higher value of growth attributes, seed yield and straw yield of Indian mustard crop. Similarly 500 ppm of thiourea also gave second best highest growth attributes, seed yield and straw yield of crop.

M. L. Reager

Papers

Response of bio-regulators to yield and quality of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czernj. and Cosson) under different irrigation environments

Temperature use efficiency and yield of groundnut varieties in response to sowing dates and fertility levels in western dry zone of India.

Impact of vermicompost, nitrogen and phosphorus on yield, quality and uptake of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) under arid condition

Performance of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in maize-chickpea sequence under various integrated nutrient modules in a Vertisol of Central India

Effect of foliar spray of thiourea and thioglycollic acid on mustard (Brassicajuncea L.)