The biology and toxicology of molluscicides, bayluscide

Host life history and the effect of parasitic castration on growth: a field study of Cerithidea californica Haldeman (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia) and its trematode parasites

Phenolics in aquatic ecosystems: A selected review of recent literature

Publisher Summary
This chapter discusses the carbohydrate metabolism of gastropods. D-glucose is the most common monosaccharide and has been detected in the blood and tissues of many gastropods. Other sugars also occur, in particular D-galactose, that are either stereoisomers or derivatives of monosaccharides. Glycogen and galactogen are the main storage polysaccharides. Whereas glycogen occurs in most gastropod tissues and serves as a general energy source, galactogen is generally confined to the albumen gland and eggs of adult pulmonate snails and the albumen gland region of the palliai oviduct of some prosobranchs, and it serves as a specialized energy source in reproduction. Glycogen is a branched-chain homopolysaccharide of D-glucose in α-1,4 linkage with branches joined through α-1,6 linkages. The degree of branching and the length of the outer branches of the glycogen from the snail Biomphalaria glabrata are similar to those of glycogens from other animal sources.

Carbohydrate metabolism of gastropods

Effect of environmental factors and parasitism on hemolymph lysozyme and protein of American oysters (Crassostrea virginica)

1. 1. Schistosome infection of the snails Biomphalaria alexandrina and Bulinus truncatus affected their citric acid cycle pathways; especially those concerned with succinic and cytochrome oxidases. 2. 2. The rate of gluconeogenesis was decreased in schistosome-infected snails to 62 per cent for Bulinus truncatus and to 45 per cent for Biomphalaria alexandrina. 3. 3. Lactic acid production was increased in schistosome-infected snails to 52 and 73 per cent that of uninfected B. alexandrina and B. truncatus respectively. 4. 4. Schistosome infection caused a marked decrease in the glycogen content of the tissues of both snail species. 5. 5. The effect of schistosome infection on the intermediary metabolism of both snails is discussed.

Carbohydrate metabolism in uninfected and trematode-infected snails Biomphalaria alexandrina and Bulinus truncatus

Studies on the mode of action of some molluscicides on the snail, Biomphalaria alexandrina. I. Effect of Bayluscide, sodium pentachlorophenate, and copper sulphate on succinate, glutamate, and reduced TMPD oxidation.

Laboratory investigations were carried out to determine the growth rate, glycogen content of different body parts and glucose uptake in normal and schistosome-infected Biomphalaria alexandrina snails over a period of 45 days post infection. Infected snails grew at a faster rate. There were no significant differences in tissue water content and tissue dry weight of control and infected ones. A marked decrease in the glycogen content of female sex organs, mantle, digestive gland and muscles was observed in infected snails. Glucose utilization was also increased in infected snails.

M.M. Ishak

Papers

Carbohydrate metabolism in uninfected and trematode-infected snails Biomphalaria alexandrina and Bulinus truncatus

Studies on the mode of action of some molluscicides on the snail, Biomphalaria alexandrina. I. Effect of Bayluscide, sodium pentachlorophenate, and copper sulphate on succinate, glutamate, and reduced TMPD oxidation.

Growth rate and changes in tissue carbohydrates during schistosome infection of the snail biomphalaria alexandrina