A review on carbon nanotubes and graphene as fillers in reinforced polymer nanocomposites

Remediation of wastewater using various nano-materials

A review of polymer–nanocomposite electrolyte membranes for fuel cell application

Biogas is a renewable energy source like solar and wind energies and mostly produced from anaerobic digestion (AD). The production of biogas is a well-established technology, but its commercial utilization is limited because on-site purification is needed before its transport or use. Biogas composition varies with the biomass digested and contains mainly methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), as well as traces of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), ammonia (NH3), hydrogen (H2), nitrogen (N2), carbon monoxide (CO), oxygen (O2). In some cases dust particles and siloxanes are present. Several purification processes including pressurized water scrubbing, amine swing absorption, pressure swing adsorption, temperature swing adsorption, cryogenic separation and membrane technologies have been developed. Nevertheless, membrane technology is a relatively recent but very promising technology. Also, hybrid processes where membranes are combined with other processes are believed to have lower investment and operation costs compared with other processes. In this report, a discussion on the different materials used to produce membranes for gas separation is given including inorganic, organic and mixed matrix membranes, as well as polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM). Advantages and limitations for each type are discussed and comparisons are made in terms of permeability and diffusivity for a range of operating conditions.

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2015/RA/C5RA00666J

Membrane gas separation technologies for biogas upgrading

Membrane-based carbon capture from flue gas: a review

Fabrication and modification of cellulose acetate based mixed matrix membrane: Gas separation and physical properties

Preparation and characterization of polyvinylchloride based mixed matrix membrane filled with multi walled carbon nano tubes for carbon dioxide separation

Membrane composed of PC as base of polymer matrix with different ratio of multiwall carbon nano tubes (MWCNTs) as nanofillers and poly ethylene glycol (PEG) as second polymer was prepared by solution casting method. Both raw-MWCNTs (R-MWCNTs) and functionalized carboxyle-MWCNTs (C-MWCNTs) were used in membrane preparation. The MWCNTs loading ratio and pressure effects on the gas transport properties of membranes were examined in relation to pure He, N2, CH4, and CO2 gases. Results showed that the use of C-MWCNT instead of R-MWCNTs in mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) fabrication with base of PC provides better performance and also it increases (CO2/CH4) and (CO2/N2) selectivities to 27.38 and 25.42 from 25.45 and 19.24, respectively (at 5 wt% of MWCNTs). PEG as the second rubbery polymer was utilized to improve the separation performance and mechanical properties. In blend MMMs, highest (CO2/CH4) selectivity at 2 bar pressure increased to 35.64 for PC/PEG/C-MWCNT blend MMMs which was 27.28 for PC/MWCNTs MMMs ...

Preparation and Characterization of Polycarbonate-Blend-Raw/Functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nano Tubes Mixed Matrix Membrane for CO2 Separation

Polyvinylchloride (PVC)/Styrene-Butadiene-Rubber (SBR) (PVC:SBR, (95:5) (w/w)) blend gas separation membrane filled with zeolite was prepared by solution-casting method using tetrahydrofuran (THF) as solvent. Zeolite was also applied as inorganic filler additive in membrane preparation. The zeolite loading and pressure effects on the gas separation performance of the membranes were studied for pure He, N2, CH4, CO2 gases. The obtained results indicated that permeability was increased and (CO2/N2), (CO2/CH4) and (N2/CH4) selectivities all were decreased by the increase of zeolite loading ratio. Moreover, it was found that increase of feed pressure led to an increase in membrane gas permeability for all of prepared membranes. Results showed that the (CO2/N2) and (CO2/CH4) gas pair selectivities were decreased by the increase in feed pressure for all prepared membranes. Conversely, opposite trend was found for (N2/CH4) selectivity at 50 wt} zeolite loading ratio. The (N2/CH4) selectivity was improved from 1.41 to 2.33 by increase in pressure force from 2 to 8 bar. Differential scanning calorimetry was also utilized for the membrane thermal stability investigation. The results showed the glass temperature (Tg) and melting temperature (Tm) obviously were improved from 340.1 to 467.1 K and from 359.5 to 516.9 K, respectively, by the increase in zeolite loading ratio from 0 to 50 % wt in prepared membranes.

M. Mohammadi

Papers

Fabrication and modification of cellulose acetate based mixed matrix membrane: Gas separation and physical properties

Preparation and characterization of polyvinylchloride based mixed matrix membrane filled with multi walled carbon nano tubes for carbon dioxide separation

Preparation and Characterization of Polycarbonate-Blend-Raw/Functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nano Tubes Mixed Matrix Membrane for CO2 Separation

Preparation and Characterization of (PVC-Blend-SBR) Mixed Matrix Gas Separation Membrane Filled with Zeolite