http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/fiji/pdf/sharma1998.pdf

Bionomics, host plant resistance, and management of the legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata — a review

Ovicidal activity of entomopathogenic hyphomycetes to the legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata and the pod sucking bug, Clavigralla tomentosicollis.

Investigations on population dynamics and management of lepidopteran insect pests viz., Spodoprea litura Fabricius, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) Hardwick, Maruca testulalis Geyer and Plusia orichalcea Fabricius infesting blackgram [Phaseolus mungo (L.) Hepper] were carried out at B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand during kharif 2006. The population abundance of lepidopteran insect pests (S. litura, H. armigera, M. testulalis and P. orichalcea) on blackgram were found from 38 (3 week of September) to 48 standard week (4 week of November). The higher activity of these pests were noticed during 40 th to 45 standard week (October to 1 week of November). The pod borers M. testulalis and H. armigera reached to a maximum level during 43 standard week (4 week of October), whereas S. litura and P. orichalcea reached at peak level on 41 standard week (2 week of October) and 44 standard week (5 week of October), respectively. Abstract The blackgram crop suffered less by lepidopteran insect pests (S. litura, H. armigera, M. testulalis and P. orichalcea) and produced higher yield when crop sown in the months of June and July. However, the maximum yield was harvested from 1 week of July sown crop with low pest incidence. August and September sown crop were damaged more by lepidopteran insect pests affecting the potentiality of crop and produced lower yield. The neem based formulations Neemazal–F (0.1%) and neem seed kernel extract (NSKE 5%) were found more effective in checking the lepidopteran insect pests of blackgram. Vanguard (0.4%) highly effective against H. armigera, S. litura and M. testulalis, whereas Gronim (0.4%) effective against H. armigera, M. testulalis and P. orichalcea. Neem oil (0.3%) and Econeem (0.2%) was effectively checked P. orichalcea incidence on blackgram. Among the evaluated insecticides, emamectin (0.002%) was found to be highly effective against all lepidopteran insect pests of blackgram. Fenvalerate (0.02%) and quinalphos (0.05%) were found to be superior in reducing the S. litura, M. testulalis and P. orichalcea. Thiodicarb (0.075%) was effective in checking the H. armigera and S. litura, whereas cypermethrin (0.01%) was effective against H. armigera and M. testulalis. Endosulfan (0.07%) suppressed the H. armigera population in blackgram crop. Maximum yield was harvested from the Neemazal-F treated plots followed by NSKE (10.73 q/ha), Azadex (9.91 q/ha), Econeem (9.66 q/ha), Vanguard (9.43 q/ha) and Gronim (9.06 q/ha). In the said treatments, increase yield over control ranged from 21.42 to 47.32% and avoidable losses were upto 17.57%. The NICBR of effective neem based treatments NSKE, Neemazal – F, Azadex, Vanguard and Gronim were 1 : 24.56, 1 : 7.22, 1 : 5.61, 1 : 4.13 and 1 : 2.98, respectively.The blackgram crop suffered less by lepidopteran insect pests (S. litura, H. armigera, M. testulalis and P. orichalcea) and produced higher yield when crop sown in the months of June and July. However, the maximum yield was harvested from 1 week of July sown crop with low pest incidence. August and September sown crop were damaged more by lepidopteran insect pests affecting the potentiality of crop and produced lower yield. The neem based formulations Neemazal–F (0.1%) and neem seed kernel extract (NSKE 5%) were found more effective in checking the lepidopteran insect pests of blackgram. Vanguard (0.4%) highly effective against H. armigera, S. litura and M. testulalis, whereas Gronim (0.4%) effective against H. armigera, M. testulalis and P. orichalcea. Neem oil (0.3%) and Econeem (0.2%) was effectively checked P. orichalcea incidence on blackgram. Among the evaluated insecticides, emamectin (0.002%) was found to be highly effective against all lepidopteran insect pests of blackgram. Fenvalerate (0.02%) and quinalphos (0.05%) were found to be superior in reducing the S. litura, M. testulalis and P. orichalcea. Thiodicarb (0.075%) was effective in checking the H. armigera and S. litura, whereas cypermethrin (0.01%) was effective against H. armigera and M. testulalis. Endosulfan (0.07%) suppressed the H. armigera population in blackgram crop. Maximum yield was harvested from the Neemazal-F treated plots followed by NSKE (10.73 q/ha), Azadex (9.91 q/ha), Econeem (9.66 q/ha), Vanguard (9.43 q/ha) and Gronim (9.06 q/ha). In the said treatments, increase yield over control ranged from 21.42 to 47.32% and avoidable losses were upto 17.57%. The NICBR of effective neem based treatments NSKE, Neemazal – F, Azadex, Vanguard and Gronim were 1 : 24.56, 1 : 7.22, 1 : 5.61, 1 : 4.13 and 1 : 2.98, respectively.

Population dyanamics and management of lepidopteran insect pests of blackgram

Genotype by environment interaction results in significant differences in the performance of cultivars when tested in diverse environments. Nine improved cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) cultivars obtained from International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria and a local check were evaluated for growth, reproductive and grain yield components in a non-traditional cowpea growing region of south eastern Nigeria with the aim of identifying high yielding genotypes and optimum planting date. The study was conducted in two locations namely Mgbakwu (06°17E¹N, 07°04E¹E; 83 masl) and Ishiagu (05°58E¹N, 07°34E¹E; 197 masl) across two years and two seasons in each year. A split-plot design was used with three replications. The results indicated that early planting date gave significantly higher yield and yield components than late planting date in both years and locations. IT 98K-131-2 produced mean grain yield of 1220 kg ha-1 in early planting date and 732 kg ha-1 in late season planting in Ishiagu, while in Mgbakwu, it produced 921 and 326 kg ha-1 in early and late planting dates, respectively. IT 97K-556-4 on the other hand produced mean grain yield of 1154 and 424 kg ha-1 in early and late planting dates, respectively in Ishiagu; while in Mgbakwu, the mean grain yield were 1594 and 251 kg ha-1 for early and late planting dates, respectively. IT 98K-131-2 exhibited the highest mean grain yield attributes in all the environments, indicating broad adaptation; while IT 97K-556-4 was the next highest grain yielder with specific adaptation to early season in Mgbakwu. The two cultivars are therefore recommended to farmers for multiplication and general cultivation in south eastern Nigeria. 

	 

	Key words: Cowpea, growth and yield components, planting date.

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Planting date and cultivar effects on growth and yield performance of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp)

The legume pod borer Maruca vitrata Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is a pantropical insect pest of legumes. In West Africa M. vitrata is the most devastating insect pest of cowpea, a food crop providing much-needed, inexpensive protein to farmers and consumers. Various approaches to controlling this pest have been tried, including cultural management, host plant resistance and use of synthetic and botanical pesticides, all with limited success. In this review we present information on the distribution, morphology, molecular characteristics, behavior and host plants of M. vitrata. We give especial attention to innovative management tactics being developed for West Africa, including genetically engineered Bt cowpea, new biopesticides and use of exotic parasitoids. We discuss research needs for enhancing integrated pest management (IPM) for M. vitrata in Africa.

/pdf/the-legume-pod-borer-maruca-vitrata-fabricius-lepidoptera-8c75h0mgyl.pdf

The legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), an important insect pest of cowpea: a review emphasizing West Africa

The relationship between planting dates and damage by the legume pod‐borer, Maruca testulalis (Geyer) was investigated in successively planted cowpea during July and August, 1993 and 1994. The population tended to build up in the course of the sowing periods in both years. The number of flowers and pods infested were more in cowpea planted in August than in July in both years. Grain yield also decreased significantly in late‐planted than in early‐planted cowpea. Planting cowpea within the first and second week of July would reduce damage by the pod‐borer.

Relationship between planting dates and damage by the legume pod‐borer, Maruca testulalis (Geyer) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp in Nigeria

M. O. Ogunlana

Papers

Relationship between planting dates and damage by the legume pod‐borer, Maruca testulalis (Geyer) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp in Nigeria