Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have attracted many researchers' attention in recent years. Due to the highly dynamic nature of these networks, providing guaranteed quality-of-service (QoS) video-on-demand (VOD) sessions is a challenging problem. In this paper, a new adaptive geographic routing scheme is proposed for establishing a simplex VOD transmission in urban environments. In this scheme, rather than one route, a number of independent routes are discovered between source and destination vehicles whose number of routes depends on the volume of the requested video and lifetime (span of time in which a route is almost fixed) for each route. A closed-form equation is derived for estimating the connectivity probability of a route, which is used to select best connected routes. Simulation results show the QoS parameters: packet loss ratio is decreased by 40.79% and freezing delay is significantly improved by 25 ms compared with those of junction-based multipath source routing at the cost of 2-ms degradation in the end-to-end delay.

An Adaptive Multipath Geographic Routing for Video Transmission in Urban VANETs

Long-distance real-time video flooding over Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) is challenging due to the dynamic nature of vehicular networks. Real-time video transmission has high requirements in terms of bandwidth and delay, while VANETs are characterized by very limited radio resources and high mobility.Our objective is to compare ten different flooding schemes specially designed for this task and select the best in terms of packet arrival ratio and Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR). Additionally, we propose Automatic Copies Distance Based (ACDB), an improved flooding scheme, to cope with variable vehicle density situations.Furthermore, to ensure a good behavior under all types of circumstances, we also study the impact of Global Positioning System (GPS) drift on these schemes. Simulation results show that long-distance real-time video flooding transmission is feasible under certain vehicle density conditions and the quality achieved is enough to allow using such solutions in future applications.

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Evaluation of flooding schemes for real-time video transmission in VANETs

http://www.univ-soukahras.dz/eprints/2018-754-fd1e6.pdf

Hybrid error recovery protocol for video streaming in vehicle ad hoc networks

Nowadays Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) receive important attention in the scientific and commercial fields due to the increasing number of devices and applications concentrating on safety, efficiency and infotainment in transportation infrastructure. One of the most promising applications is the streaming of video data which presents a suitable tool especially for warning drivers and preventing dangers on roads. However, video streaming over vehicular environment is a daunting task due to high movement of vehicles and the specific requirements of video data in terms of performances and quality of service (QoS)/ quality of experience (QoE). To this end, this paper presents a survey of video streaming techniques in vehicular networks and discusses the different QoS/QoE related to video streaming issues. A comparative study of QoS/ QoE aware video streaming schemes classified according to the technique used is elaborated. Furthermore, major challenges in video streaming are identified as future trends of research.

Video Streaming in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks: Applications, Challenges and techniques

Video content streaming between two vehicles has various applications in vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs). Due to the highly dynamic nature of VANETs, video contents are usually transferred via multiple discovered routes to increase the chance of error-free packet delivery. However, vehicular routes suffer from limited lifetimes and low connectivity probabilities, which result in increasing packet loss ratio (PLR) and frequent video playback freezing. In this paper, PLR is minimized by optimally distributing video packets in multiple routes while meeting quality of service (QoS) parameters (meeting freezing delay and number of transferred video packets constraints). By doing so, reconstruction and playback of the video are achieved with guaranteed QoS. Performance evaluation of our proposed scheme shows enhancements in terms of average PLR (63.3%), average freezing delay (6%), average packet end-to-end delay (66.6%) and average number of delivered video packets (8%) after 10 seconds simulation.

Optimal video packet distribution in multipath routing for urban VANETs

Video delivery over VANETs is a difficult task. On the one hand, video streaming is a demanding application, where big deals of data need to be processed and transmitted. On the other hand, VANETs are error prone networks due to the high mobility of the nodes and the wireless channel. The sum of these two factors makes video transmission a hard to manage task. In this paper we evaluate the new emerging video coding standard HEVC and how it behaves under packet losses conditions in a VANET.

M. P. Malumbres

Papers

Evaluating HEVC video delivery in VANET scenarios