In the order chiroptera, the patterns and strategies reproductive are diverse and consist of the most varied among mammals Peracchi et al., (2006). Four types of reproductive patterns are described for bats seasonal monoestry, seasonal polyestry, non-seasonal polyestry and bimodal seasonal polyestry (Fleming et al., 1972, Zortea 2003). The micro-chiropteran bat Hipposideros speoris was monoestrun bat and that feed on fruits and instect. Ovaries of placental mammals exhibit diversity of structure and function, although the pivotal role of producing ova and steroid hormones is common to all species International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 10 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com

Histoarchitecture and Enzyme Profile Study in Interstitial Glands of Non Pregnant, Pregnant and Lactating Indian Leaf-Nosed Bat Hipposideros speoris (Schneider)

Aims of the study: To evaluate the histological and histochemical changes induced by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on the adult prostate and to correlate the changes with the levels of testosterone. Materials and Methods: eighty adult male albino rats were divided into 4 groups; 3 treated and 1 control. The treated groups were received 10, 50 or 100 IU/kg BW of hCG, while the controls received normal saline. The doses were given twice weekly for 3 months via subcutaneous injections. Subsequently, on day 1, 30, 60 and 90 post therapy, blood samples and the prostate glands were obtained for evaluation. Results: All the doses of hCG caused accumulation of secretory products within the prostate, which resulted in dilatation of the acinar lumens, reduction of the mucosal folds, and non dose dependent diminution in height of the lining epithelial cells. Moreover, foci of hyperplasic cells were observed in the prostate. The therapy increased the collagen fibers of the gland. The general distribution of the Periodic Acid-Sciff (PAS) +ve material was not altered. Most of these changes were reversible within 3 months. Conclusions: Treatment with hCG causes accumulation of secretory products within the prostate and in turn affects the structure of the prostate.

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Histological and Histochemical Changes Induced by Human Chorionic Gonadotropin on Prostate of Adult albino Rats

Hipposideros speoris is an insectivorous bat and breeds once in a year. For the demonstration of oxidative enzymes namely succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) throughout the annual reproductive cycle the testis were histochemically studied. Correlative to the reproductive status specific changes in the enzymatic reaction were observed. Thus during quiescense (April-August) a moderate activity in the Leydig cells whereas very low reactivity in the seminiferous tubules for both the enzymes was observable. With the approach of maturity (recrudescence: September-October) an enhanced activity reflecting high intensity in the Leydig cells whereas in the seminiferous tubules similar intensity expressed by granular formazan deposition. Massive deposition of formazan granules characterized this period (breeding period: November-December), however, there appeared differential distribution of the granules being even all over the seminiferous tubule while concentrated at one spot in Leydig cells. The characteristic features of the regression period (January-March) were prominent decrease in the intensity of enzymes which was almost negligible in the seminiferous tubules. From the foregoing, it is concluded that the annual reproductive cycle and enzymic activity go vis-a-vis.

Histochemical changes in leydig cells and seminiferous tubules of microchiropteran bat hipposideros speoris (schneider) during testicular cycle

The ovaries of Hipposideros speoris were observed throughout the reproductive cycle from July 2001 to 2002. The interstitial cells or so called "epithelial cords" showed variations in their distribution, morphology and association with other ovarian structures. These cords appear to be formed in the ovarian cortex by the transformation of granulosa ceils of primordial follicles and small preantral follicles whose ova regress and disappear. Mostly, these cords were conspicuous, hypertrophied, abundant and in clusters or in zones occupying major portion of the cortex during 4-5 months of gestation and also during lactation period. The accumulation of sudanophilic lipid droplets in these cords suggests their role in steroid biosynthesis, most probably the progestins. An increase in lipid droplets parallels the development of alkaline phosphatase reactivity. The origin and the fate of the cords were not determined but their absence or reduction in number suggests their transformation into stroma during non-pregnancy.

Cyclical Changes in the Epithelial Cords of the Ovary of a Microchiropteran Bat, Hipposideros Speoris (Schneider)

A study of ovaries during a complete reproductive cycle in mature females of Hipposideros speoris showed the presence of thecal type interstitial gland tissue during the late-recrudescence and breeding phases. Luteal-like transformation of fibroblasts of theca of multilaminar atretic follicles results in the formation of thecal interstitial gland tissue. This interstitial tissue undergoes a variety of cellular alterations till its complete differentiation. After persisting for a short while in the wall of degenerating follicles it reverts back as stromal cells and thus is very transient. Cyclical variations in the histochemical localization of lipids, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSDH), 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSDH), succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) and Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) were observed. The histochemical shift in the enzyme activities and substrates during the reproductive cycle, corresponding to changes in the metabolic requirements as well as steroidogenesis suggests role for this tissue in ovarian physiology.

Histochemical Analysis of the Thecal Interstitial Gland in the Ovaries of the Microchiropteran Bat, Hipposideros speoris (Schneider) during the Reproductive Cycle

M. S. Sastry

Papers

Histochemical changes in leydig cells and seminiferous tubules of microchiropteran bat hipposideros speoris (schneider) during testicular cycle

Cyclical Changes in the Epithelial Cords of the Ovary of a Microchiropteran Bat, Hipposideros Speoris (Schneider)

Histochemical Analysis of the Thecal Interstitial Gland in the Ovaries of the Microchiropteran Bat, Hipposideros speoris (Schneider) during the Reproductive Cycle