Objective To determine the frequency of allergic contact dermatitis in patients with hand eczema by patch testing with European standard and corticosteroid series. Patients and methods One hundred and five patients of either sex having hand eczema, aged 12 years or above were enrolled in the study from dermatology outdoor department. After taking informed consent, patch test was performed a fortnight after complete resolution of signs and symptoms of eczema and after complete withdrawal of the drugs. Patch testing was done with European standard and corticosteroid series. Readings were taken 48, 72 and 120 hours after patches removal. Patch test reactions were graded according to international contact dermatitis research group criteria. Data was analyzed according to age, sex and percentages of positive patch test results. Results Allergic reaction was recorded in 48.6% of patients with European standard series and 11.4% of patients with corticosteroid series. Common allergens detected with European standard series were potassium dichromate (21%), cobalt chloride (12%) and nickel sulphate (12%). Common allergens detected with corticosteroid series were tixocortol-21-pivalate (8.6%) and hydrocortisone-17-butyrate (4.76%). Conclusion Almost half (48.6%) of the patients showed allergic reaction with European standard series and 11.4% of the cases gave positive results with corticosteroid series. Patch test needs to be performed with corticosteroid and European standard series in patients with hand eczema not responding to therapy.

Frequency of allergic contact dermatitis in hand eczema patients with European standard and corticosteroid series

Introduction: Radiodermatitis or radiation dermatitis is a side effect that produced in the skin and its adnexal as a consequence of exposure to radiotherapy. Several factors influence the occurrence of radiodermatitis: factors related to the patient (intrinsic), such as age, race, comorbid conditions, nutritional status, and factors associated with treatment (extrinsic), such as dosage of radiotherapy, fractionation and radiotherapy techniques. Methods and results: This study is a descriptive observational study with the prospective approach in 50 patients who received radiotherapy in Haji Adam Malik Hospital, Medan-Indonesia. Anamneses and dermatological examinations conducted to all subjects on the first day, three weeks, and eight weeks during radiotherapy. From this study, the majority of the patients are women in age of 40-60 years old. The most clinical features are erythema macular rash (100%), and the most location is in the Colli region. The majority of the total dose is 5000-5900 cGy, and the most fractionation used 31-40 fractions. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that elderly, high radiotherapy total dose, and fractionation leads to an increased risk of radiodermatitis case.

Radiodermatitis incidents in cancer patients receiving radiotherapy at Haji Adam Malik Central Hospital, Medan-Indonesia

Because very bad weather in Iraq like elevated temperature, Smokes, dust, also increase depopulation to bad environment and increase the number of displaced, diseases have increased significantly including dermatological diseases and the most common types is eczema as a result of bad nutrition, bacteria, soils, bad food, and others factors. Because of all these environmental factors, physiological, chemical factors and others factors, became very necessary to detect skin diseases specially eczema and treated it to avoid aggravation the disease with the help of biomedical engineers, with less cost, and to prevent disease from spreading when at that it will be difficult and take long time to be treated.. So the aim of research is take an image to the infection area then process this image by MATLAB in many ways to obtain an image that can help the doctors in their work to recognize the eczema and the rate of infection and make it easy to improve and safe people life. Three lesioned layers  are selected in this study, face layer, hand layer and foot layer, the study showed that the foot layer  is more comfortable for detection the eczema in this approach technique.

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Detection of Eczema DISEASE by using Image Processing

.. Objectives: To determine the frequency of different types of eczema in patients presenting in a tertiary care hospital. Study Design: Cross sectional descriptive type of study. Setting: Hamdard University Hospital Karachi. Period: January 2013 till December 2013. Patients and Methods: All new cases of any type of eczema were registered by nonprobability convenient sampling. Total 192 patients of both genders and all ages were enrolled after taking informed consent. Diagnosis was made on detailed history and clinical examination by consultant dermatologist. All specific and relevant investigations were done according to requirement. Patients were divided in two groups, exogenous eczema and endogenous eczema, for convenience. Data was analyzed by the latest version of SPSS. Results: There were 192 patients, out of which 52.08% were males and 47.91% females. Out of the total presented patients 50% had endogenous eczema, 43.37% had exogenous eczema and 25.62% had unspecified eczema. In endogenous group 11.45% had hand dermatitis followed by seborrhoeic dermatitis, atopic dermatitis and asteatotic eczema in descending frequency of presentation. Pityriasis alba, discoid eczema and pompholyx were seen less frequent. In exogenous eczema allergic contact dermatitis was seen in 14.06% patients, while irritant contact dermatitis in 11.45% patients. Infective eczema and photo-allergic eczema were seen in small number of patients. Conclusion: It was found in this study that allergic contact dermatitis was most common type of eczema followed by other types. Whatever the type is, eczema can be treated, symptoms can be relieved and recurrences can be prevented by appropriate therapy. All types of eczema affect patient’s quality of life adversely. However, they can be prevented by educating patients and their relatives to take adequate safety measures like using good quality emollients prophylactically.

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Eczema; frequency of different types in a tertiary care hospital

Objective To determine different types of cutaneous manifestations secondary to ionizing radiation therapy in patients treated for various malignancies. Patients and methods The cross-sectional study was conducted on patients attending outpatient department of Dermatology and Oncology, Civil hospital Karachi, from 1 st May 2006 till 31 st August 2006. Patients belonging to both sexes and all age groups fulfilling the selection criteria were enrolled. After an informed consent, selected patients were subjected to a detailed history and clinical examination.  A clinical diagnosis of different radiation-induced skin changes was made.  Relevant investigations, biochemical profile and skin biopsy were done where required. All the findings were recorded, compiled, tabulated and analyzed. The type of radiation, dosage and duration of treatment was also recorded. Results 100 patients comprising 35 (35%) males and 65 (65%) females completed the study. Minimum age of presentation was 11 years and maximum 82 years, the mean age being 46.36 (SD 14.46). All the patients were receiving external beam therapy. Minimum radiation dose at which skin lesions appeared was 500cGy while maximum 7000cGy. Maximum number of patients developed cutaneous lesions in the dose range between 3100cGy to 6000cGy. Pigmentation (64%) was the most common cutaneous change followed by erythema (45%), epilation (42%), moist desquamation (26%) and oral mucositis (11%). Scalp alopecia, xerostomia, dry desquamation, ulceration, telangiectasia, atrophy and necrosis followed in a descending frequency. Amongst the enrolled subjects 31 patients (31%) were classified as suffering from acute radiodermatitis while another 11 as chronic radiodermatitis (11%). Conclusion Radiation therapy produces significant cutaneous manifestations on skin, pigmentary changes, erythema and epilation being the most common. Moist desquamation, oral mucositis, xerosis and scalp alopecia are seen less often. Severe changes which may lead to the interruption of therapy are seen less commonly.

M. Zafar Alam

Papers

Eczema; frequency of different types in a tertiary care hospital

Frequency of cutaneous manifestations of radiotherapy

Frequency of cutaneous manifestations of