Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology was originally invented for military uses. From 1980s, commercial RFID products started to be available and they were mainly applied in areas of supply chains, transport, manufacturing, personnel access, animal tagging, toll collection etc. Nowadays, RFID has been recognised as an emerging technology for ubiquitous positioning (UP), especially in an indoor environment. The development and implementation of RFID-based positioning technology are very fast, whilst according to the literature, little comprehensive review and convinced assessment for the latest RFID technology have been conducted, and some of the main features of the latest RFID technology have rarely or unclearly been presented in the literature, for example, the longest reading range of RFID systems, the smallest tag size and overall commercial application fields. This paper provides an overview of state-of-the-art RFID technology, particularly for the purpose of indoor positioning. It includes a review of historical and current development of RFID technology and its applications, an evaluation of up-to-date RFID-based positioning techniques and their performance as well as a prediction of future trends of RFID-based indoor positioning techniques. This paper can be a valuable guidance and solution for researchers and other end users to better understand RFID and critical factors considered on system requirements, hardware selection and positioning performance for various applications.

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Overview of RFID-based indoor positioning technology

Traditional GPS location technology cannot work in indoor environment. In order to sum up the positioning theory of RFID positioning method and find an indoor location algorithm suitable for an indoor environment, this paper reviews the composition of RFID indoor positioning system and the location algorithms of RFID indoor positioning system. And more comprehensive study and a systematic summary are carried out. The paper provides an important basis for the selection of RFID location algorithm and positioning system under different conditions.

Review of RFID-Based Indoor Positioning Technology

Wi-Fi-based positioning technology has been recognised as a useful and important technology for location-based service (LBS) accompanied by the rapid development and application of smartphones sinc...

Evaluation and correction of smartphone-based fine time range measurements

In the "Internet of Things" (IoT), the things will be able to sense, communicate, and interact. They will also exchange data, information and knowledge, and locate themselves and other things that surround them. In order to be able to interact, the things need to recognize that they are in proximity of other things. It is anticipated that the most widespread components of the IoT will be passive radio frequency identi cation (RFID) tags because they are inexpensive and provide automatic identi cation. However, passive RFID tags are not capable of performing complex operations, such as proximity detection and localization, which will be required in future networks. In this thesis, we describe existing problems with current RFID systems and survey potential solutions for localization and proximity detection. Then we present a new RFID device called "Sense-a-Tag" (ST) that can passively detect and decode backscattered signals from tags in its proximity. There have already been an attempt to use this device for tracking. However, detailed analysis of the performance of the ST especially for proximity detection has not been performed yet. We show that when STs are added to a standard RFID system, the problems of proximity detection and localization with RFID tags can readily be solved. Then we applied ST-based system for identifying people and object interactions. The potential uses of ST as an augmented device for IoT applications are discussed in this thesis. Advantages and limitations of an ST based RFID system have been investigated in details for each application. Results obtained from real experiments illustrate that an ST-based RFID system is feasible for proximity detection applications. In addition, a special software is developed in C# to process the data and run a localization algorithm based on proximity detection information. The same software has been used for tracking people's activity. Di erent scenarios have been considered in the experiments. We tried to consider majority of factors that might a ect the accuracy in the experiments including: angle and distance between the reader/ST and tags, timing in sending queries, presence of human body, etc. The simulations based on real experiments and results illustrates that an ST-based RFID system can be a realistic solution for proximity detection and localization for Location Positioning systems (LPS) and activity monitoring in future IoT.

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Localization and Proximity Detection in the Internet of Things Based on an Augmented UHF RFID System

A system based on active RFID and aiming to assist the production cycle of a factory producing bentonite-coal dust mixtures and lustrous carbon formers for foundries is presented and discussed. The vehicular system works in a very harsh environment and uses RFID tags as beacons to locate the various area of the factory. An algorithm to discriminate among different tags is presented and discussed. The plant is now integrated within the production cycle and is showing very satisfactory performances.

Active-RFId based vehicular system to help the production cycle of bentonite-coal dust mixtures: A case study

Position information has been very important. People need this information almost everywhere all the time. However, it is a challenging task to provide precise positions indoor/outdoor seamlessly. Outdoor positioning has been widely studied and accurate p

M Zhu

Papers

Positioning algorithms for RFID-based multi-sensor indoor/outdoor positioning techniques