A swash plate 20 made of an aluminum-based material
is allowed to be inclined in the axial direction of a
rotary shaft 18 and to rotate integrally with the rotary
shaft 18 due to the engagement between guide holes 251
formed in the support arms 25 made of an iron-based
material and heads 231 of to-be-guided pins 23 made of an
iron-based material. The inclination of the swash plate
20 is guided based upon a slide guide relationship
between the guide holes 251 and the to-be-guided pins 23
and upon a slide support action of the rotary shaft 18.
The inclination-limiting protuberances 191 integrally
formed on the rotary support member 19 made of the iron-based
material come into contact with the to-be-guided
pins 23. The swash plate 20 is inclined at a maximum
angle in a state where the inclination-limiting
protuberances 191 come into contact with the to-be-guided
pins 23.

Variable displacement compressor

Between a movable core chamber and a fuel supply passage, a needle guide slidably supports a needle fixed to a movable core. The needle guide has a communication hole which fluidly connects the movable core chamber and the fuel supply passage. An opening sectional area of the communication hole is defined in such a manner that a fuel discharged amount decreases as an energization start time of a coil is delayed. In a suction stroke, it is restricted that the movable core and the needle bounce toward the fixed core after the needle biases a suction valve toward a stopper by means of a biasing force of a second spring. A relationship between the energization start time of the coil and the fuel discharged amount is properly maintained, so that the fuel discharged amount of the high-pressure pump can be controlled correctly.

High pressure pump

The invention relates to a fuel-injection valve, in particular a high-pressure injection valve for directly injecting fuel into a combustion chamber of a compressed-mixture, spark-ignition internal combustion engine. Said valve is characterised in that an outlet opening (23) is provided downstream of the valve seat (20), the downstream end of said opening having a slit-forming element (30) that to a great extent closes the outlet opening (23). A slit-type flow outlet (35), through which a fuel spray can be discharged in a fan-type jet, is formed between the slit-forming element (30) and a front face (34) of the valve seat body (16).

Fuel-injection valve

The invention relates to a method for operating a piezoelectric element, wherein a first voltage (1) is applied to a piezoelectric element, said voltage effecting a first deflection by a travel (w) of the piezoelectric element, and an electric discharge of the piezoelectric element after application of the first voltage effecting a first contraction of the piezoelectric element by a first compression (x). After the first contraction, a second voltage (2) is applied to the piezoelectric element, said voltage having an opposite polarity relative to the first voltage (1) and effecting a further contraction of the piezoelectric element by a second compression (y). A repeated application of the first voltage (1) after the electric discharge of the applied second voltage (2) effects a deflection of the piezoelectric element by the same travel (w).

Method for operating a piezoelectric element

There is provided a GaN single crystal at least about 2 millimeters in diameter, with a dislocation density less than about 10 4 cm −1 , and having no tilt boundaries. A method of forming a GaN single crystal is also disclosed. The method includes providing a nucleation center, a GaN source material, and a GaN solvent in a chamber. The chamber is pressurized. First and second temperature distributions are generated in the chamber such that the solvent is supersaturated in the nucleation region of the chamber. The first and second temperature distributions have different temperature gradients within the chamber.

Gallium nitride crystal and method of making same

A fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine including a fuel injector which can be subjected to fuel at high pressure and is actuatable via a metering valve device by which the pressure in a pressure booster control chamber is controllable such that the pressure in a pressure booster pressure chamber, defined by a pressure booster piston, that can be filled with fuel from the high-pressure fuel source via a filling path in which a check valve is disposed and that is in communication with an injection valve member pressure chamber, is increased by the pressure booster piston such that an injection valve member opens for injecting fuel, whereupon fuel is positively displaced out of a damping chamber via a damping path, in which a damping throttle is disposed. To assure stable injection performance, the damping path is embodied such and connected in such a way to the filling path that the fuel positively displaced from the damping chamber via the damping throttle in an injection event reaches the filling path of the pressure booster pressure chamber via the damping path.

Fuel injection system

Im Rahmen der Erfindung wurde ein 3D-Drucker zur Herstellung eines dreidimensionalen Objekts (7) aus einem Ausgangsmaterial (3, 13) entwickelt. Dieser umfasst eine Zufuhrung (8, 11, 12, 14) fur das Ausgangsmaterial sowie eine Warmequelle (5, 17) zum Aufschmelzen des Ausgangsmaterials (3, 13). In der Abfolge einer Vielzahl von Schnittebenen durch die dreidimensionale Form des Objekts (7) gibt dieser Drucker das Ausgangsmaterial im flussigen Aggregatzustand an den zur Form des Objekts (7) gehorigen Orten zu und lasst es anschliesend erstarren. Dadurch verbindet sich das in allen Schnittebenen aufgebrachte Ausgangsmaterial fest zum gewunschten Objekt. Erfindungsgemas ist ein Gasbrenner (5, 17) als Warmequelle vorgesehen, und es sind Mittel zur Erzeugung einer Relativbewegung zwischen diesem Gasbrenner (5, 17) und dem Objekt (7) vorgesehen. Gegenuber dem Stand der Technik wird hierdurch zunachst der Nachteil in Kauf genommen, dass zum lokalen Heizen des Ausgangsmaterials nicht mehr nur ein Laserstrahl gescannt werden muss, sondern ein kompletter Brenner oder das Objekt mechanisch zu bewegen ist. Dies wird jedoch durch die wesentlich geringeren Kosten und das verminderte Gefahrdungspotential uberkompensiert.

3D-Drucker für metallische Materialien

The injector has a piezoelectric actuator (3) arranged in a low pressure chamber (8) such that a piston section (5.1) of small diameter is guided from a coupling chamber (6) into the low pressure chamber by a guide piece (4) for sealing a sealing gap (9) between the piston section and the guide piece. A borehole (10) is arranged in the guide piece for hydraulic connection of the sealing gap with a compression chamber (11) that possesses system pressure, where the guide piece is partially or completely arranged in the compression chamber.

Fuel injector for use in common rail injection system of internal combustion engine of motor vehicle, has borehole for connection of sealing gap with compression chamber, where guide piece is partially/completely arranged in chamber

A valve (50) with sliding plug (51) connects the both high pressure chamber (40) and the rear chamber (38) with the top chamber (35). As a function of the pressure obtaining in the rear chamber, the valve connects the high pressure fuel side of the pressure converter directly to the injector side. The back chamber is filled, and at the same time, the side of the converter connected to the injector is sealed off from the high pressure source.

Fuel injector system for internal combustion engine has pressure converter, and includes valve with sliding plug which connects high pressure- and rear chambers with top chamber

The device has a fuel injector supplying a fuel that is highly pressured, and an injecting value unit (42) supplying the fuel by a pressuring space. An injecting opening (50) is released and closed in a combustion chamber (52), and the unit (42) is operated by a control valve. A pre-controlling space and a damping space are hydraulically connected by a connecting channel that has a reactive unit serving as a discharging reactor.

Fuel injecting device for use in e.g. high pressure accumulator injecting system, has pre-controlling space and damping space hydraulically connected by connecting channel that has reactive unit serving as discharging reactor

Magel Hans-Christoph

Papers

Fuel injection system

3D-Drucker für metallische Materialien

Fuel injector for use in common rail injection system of internal combustion engine of motor vehicle, has borehole for connection of sealing gap with compression chamber, where guide piece is partially/completely arranged in chamber

Fuel injector system for internal combustion engine has pressure converter, and includes valve with sliding plug which connects high pressure- and rear chambers with top chamber

Fuel injecting device for use in e.g. high pressure accumulator injecting system, has pre-controlling space and damping space hydraulically connected by connecting channel that has reactive unit serving as discharging reactor