The present study explored the effects of crude leaf acetone, chloroform, hot water, methanol, petroleum ether (60–80°C), and water extracts of Calotropis procera (Ait) R. Br., Canna indica L., Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn., Ipomoea carnea Jacq. spp. fistulosa Choisy, and Sarcostemma brevistigma Wight that were selected for investigating larvicidal potential against second and fourth instar larvae of the laboratory-reared mosquito species, Culex quinquefasciatus Say, in which the major lymphatic filariasis was used. All plant extracts showed moderate larvicidal effects after 24 h of exposure at 1,000 ppm; however, the highest larval mortality was found in leaf acetone, chloroform, methanol, and petroleum ether of C. indica (LC50 = 29.62, 59.18, 40.77, and 44.38 ppm; LC90 = 148.55, 267.87, 165.00, and 171.91 ppm) against second instar larvae (LC50 = 121.88, 118.25, 69.76, and 56.31 ppm; LC90 = 624.35, 573.93, 304.27, and 248.24 ppm) and against fourth instar larvae and acetone, hot water, methanol, and petroleum ether extracts of I. carnea (LC50 = 61.17, 41.07, 41.82, and 39.32 ppm; LC90 = 252.91, 142.67, 423.76, and 176.39 ppm) against second instar larvae (LC50 = 145.37, 58.00, 163.81, and 41.75 ppm; LC90 = 573.30, 181.10, 627.38, and 162.63 ppm) and against fourth instar larvae of C. quinquefasciatus, respectively. These results suggest that the acetone, methanol extracts of C. indica and hot water, petroleum ether extracts of I. carnea have the potential to be used as an ideal eco-friendly approach for the control of the major lymphatic filariasis vector, C. quinquefasciatus.

Efficacy of larvicidal botanical extracts against Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae).

Globalization interferes with infectious disease control at the national level while microbes move freely around the world, unhindered by borders, human responses to infectious diseases and are conditioned by jurisdictional boundaries (Stepanovic et al., 2003). According to WHO, important progress has been made in controlling major infectious diseases. About 43% of total deaths occurred in developing countries due to infectious diseases in recent years (Carballo et al., 2002). Similarly, freedom from insect infestation and contamination has become an important consideration in storage of grain and to maintain high quality food product by preventing them from attack of the most frequently invading organisms (Coolins, 1998). Nearly one thousand species of insects have been associated with store products throughout the world, of which the majority belong to Coleoptera (60%) and Lepidoptera (8 - 9%) (Champ, 1981). Some species of the plant family Polygonaceae were used in folk medicine. The leaves and shoots of

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Antibacterial, antifungal and insecticidal activities of some selected medicinal plants of polygonaceae.

Aphidicidal activity of hot and cold water extracts of some indigenous plants, Azadirachta indica A. Juss (neem), Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T. Aiton (akanda), Polygonum hydropiper L. (biskatali) and Ipomoea sepiaria J. Koenig ex Roxb. (bankalmi), were tested against the bean aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch. Hot water extract of P. hydropiper and A. indica was found to be the most effective (87.6–94.5 and 80.47–89.6% mortality respectively, P < 0.01) among all the extracts. Other hot and cold water extracts also appeared to be useful (59.5–87.5% mortality) as pesticides for A. craccivora. The highest yield (3.25 kg per plant) was obtained using hot water extract of P. hydropiper followed by hot water extract of A. indica (3.15 kg per plant). The lowest yield (0.32 kg per plant) was recorded from the control block. All the phytoproduct treatments had significantly (P < 0.01) better yield than the control block.

Aphidicidal activity of some indigenous plant extracts against bean aphid Aphis craccivora Koch (Homoptera: Aphididae)

Common bean production in Africa suffers from different constrains. The main damage is caused by insect pest infestations in the field. The most common insects pests which attack common bean in the field are the bean stem maggot (Ophiomyia phaseoli), ootheca (Ootheca bennigseni) and aphids (Aphis fabae). Currently, few farmers in Africa are using commercial pesticides for the control of these insect pests. Due to the negative side effects of commercial pesticides to human health and the environment, there is a need for developing and recommending alternative methods such as those involving agronomic and botanical/biological measures in controlling common bean insect pests. This review aim to report the most common insects pests which attack common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in the field and explore the potential of agronomic, biological and botanical methods as a low-cost, safe and environmentally friendly means of controlling insect pests in legumes.

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Potential of Controlling Common Bean Insect Pests (Bean Stem Maggot (Ophiomyia phaseoli), Ootheca (Ootheca bennigseni) and Aphids (Aphis fabae)) Using Agronomic, Biological and Botanical Practices in Field

Ethanolic extract of Melgota is used for repellency, insecticidal activity against rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae) with emphasis on chemical investigation. Fruits of Melgota (Macaranga postulata) were extracted on different solvents as in ethanol, acetone, petroleum ether, distilled water and the extracts were concentrated and dried. The ethanol extracts of Melgota (M. postulata) of different concentrations were investigated for their repellency and insecticidal activity against S. oryzae. Average mortality percentage indicated that the extracts caused significant mortality and repellency on the target insects and bioassays indicated that the toxic and repellent effect was proportional to the concentration and higher concentration has stronger effect. Observed mortality percentage increased with increase in time intervals after treatment. Mortality percentage at 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, and 1.50 h after treatment (HAT) indicated that 4% solution showed the highest mortality (34.0%) in S. oryzae at 1.50 HAT compared to pediculus humanus. Mortality percentage showed parallel response to the level of concentration at different time intervals after treatment. 1% fruit extract of Melgota (M. postulata) showed the lowest repellency 9.84 % in case of rice weevil. On other side, 2% showed 12.76% and 4% showed 22.43% respectively. TLC of crude ethanol extract of Melgota (M. postulata) showed six distinct compounds at uv-visible light.

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Ethanolic extract of melgota ( Macaranga postulata ) for repellency, insecticidal activity against rice weevil ( Sitophilus oryzae )

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Chemical Methods of Leaf Extraction of Bankalmi, Polygonum hydropiper for Controlling Rice Hispa Beetles, Dicladispa armiger (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Bangladesh

Mainul

Papers

Chemical Methods of Leaf Extraction of Bankalmi, Polygonum hydropiper for Controlling Rice Hispa Beetles, Dicladispa armiger (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Bangladesh