Lepping’s view that rights under the European Convention on Human Rights were not ‘implemented’ in Britain until the Human Rights Act 1998 is incomplete ( Psychiatric Bulletin , 2003, 27 , 285-289). The UK has been a signatory to the ECHR since its outset in 1951. Since 1966, it has granted

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European Convention on Human Rights

The Future of Ritual: Writings on Culture and Performance@@@Theatre and Everyday Life: An Ethics of Performance

RESEARCH AS RESISTANCE: Critical, Indigenous, and Anti-Oppressive Approaches Leslie Brown and Susan Strega, eds. Toronto: Canadian Scholars' Press, 2005; 303 pp. This edited collection is a lively and grounded compilation that disrupts many of the frameworks and methodologies that organize and authorize the research endeavour. Books on qualitative research often lay out the mechanics of research without attending to their political currency, while other offerings debate the theoretical or political potential of particular perspectives without locating them in actual projects. This collection, however, interrogates specific methods employed in research projects (institutional ethnography, narrative autobiography, storytelling, participatory action research) in a variety of locations/sites (disability, Aboriginal, Queer, youth from care) as political acts. In addition, each chapter engages with and challenges the ontological and epistemological assumptions that underlie dominant forms of knowledge making. Research from "the margins" is privileged here, in the authors' various elucidations of subjugated knowledge(s), the role of reflexivity, the politics of location, and subjectivity. Each chapter provides a different critique of the racialized and gendered foundation of Enlightenment epistemologies. The dangerous effects and limitations of positivist research and the interpretive stance in qualitative research are set against the authors' elaboration of critical, Indigenous, and anti-oppressive approaches to knowledge production. Theoretical chapters are interwoven with sections devoted to the more descriptive accounts of specific research projects. This arrangement encourages the reader to move from theory to praxis in ways intended by the editors. Indeed, that is the point. Each decision we make as researchers is tied to a theoretical construct/ ideology that illuminates how we know what we know. Efforts to make these power relations a central feature of knowledge-making are completely necessary to Research as Resistance. Yet, as this collection demonstrates, there are multiple and complex issues at work in the implementation of emancipatory research. By including critical, Indigenous, and anti-oppressive approaches in this edition, one sees the tensions that exist between their different formulations of location, storytelling, subjectivity, authenticity, and complicity. Anti-oppressive theories, research, and practices are outlined in three chapters. Moosa-Mitha argues that anti-oppressive theories are best understood in contrast to liberalism, Marxism, white feminism, and postmodernism. Her extensive argument shows how anti-oppressive theories are difference-centred and critical, and akin to social identity theories. She contends that anti-oppressive theories are interested in knowledge-making as dialogical, partial, situated, and subjugated. Potts and Brown similarly turn their attention to anti-oppressive approaches yet detail the principles and actions required to become an anti-oppressive researcher. They lay out how these approaches put into action and influence the way we ask questions, collect data, create meaning, and reclaim notions of validity and reliability in the social sciences. One can see how these principles are applied in a chapter on participatory action research with youth from care. Rutman, Hubberstey, Barlow and Brown outline the funding, institutional, and personal challenges of PAR, and emphasize the need to continuously review the principles of anti-oppressive practice at an individual/team level. These chapters are each enriched by the presence of the others, allowing readers to see how antioppressive ontologies and practice inform one another. Scholars similarly expound upon the theoretical frameworks and methodologies of Indigenous research. Margaret Kovack describes the emancipatory potential of Indigenous epistemologies (knowledge as fluid, experiential, generational, alive, verb-based, intuitive) and methodologies (i. …

RESEARCH AS RESISTANCE: Critical, Indigenous, and Anti-Oppressive Approaches

Unarmed Insurrections: People Power Movements in Nondemocracies:

The Blackwell Companion To Social MovementsThe Blackwell Companion To Social Movements, edited by SnowDavid A., SouleSarah A., and KriesiHanspeter. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing, 2007. 776 pp. $189.95 cloth. ISBN: 9780631226697.

This article explores how humor can be used as one aspect of a strategy of nonviolent resistance to oppression and dictatorship. It combines sociological and philosophical theories about humor's duality and incongruity with theories of nonviolent resistance to oppression in order to investigate the links between topics that have previously been considered unrelated. Experiences from the Serbian Otpor movement, which used humorous actions as a part of its strategy to bring down Slobodan Milosevic from power, serve to illustrate the dynamics of humor as a form of resistance. Empirical examples and existing theory are combined to make an outline of an innovative theory of the functions of humor in nonviolent resistance.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1468-0130.2008.00488.x

Humor as a Serious Strategy of Nonviolent Resistance to Oppression

.....................................................................................................17 Acknowledgements...................................................................................19 Introduction ..............................................................................................22 Chapter 1: Nonviolence, humour and relations of power...................29 Chapter 2: A methodology for emancipation and social change .....108 Chapter 3: Humorous political stunts .................................................153 Chapter 4: Radical clowning as humorous political activism .........245 Chapter 5: Ofog playful anti-militarist mischief .............................293 Chapter 6: Kampanjen Mot Verneplikt – combining legal and spectacular actions.................................................................................374 Chapter 7: Humorous political stunts and relations of power........457 Conclusion ..............................................................................................491 References...............................................................................................508

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Humorous Political Stunts: Nonviolent Public Challenges to Power

People living in systems of domination and exploitation resist in many different ways. Some modes of resistance build and experiment with alternatives to the present in various forms, from the smal ...

Constructive Resistance : Conceptualising and Mapping the Terrain

Annotation This book analyses how humour in political activism contributes to facilitating outreach, mobilisation and the sustaining of cultures of resistance. Drawing on examples of attention-grab ...

Humour in Political Activism: Creative Nonviolent Resistance

Activists in both dictatorships and democracies use humor as a method of nonviolent resistance, and its special way of appealing to emotions and imagination through ambiguity frequently sets it apart from other forms of nonviolent action. This study analyzes three examples from twentieth-century Sweden of the political uses of humor according to the ability of each to facilitate dialogue, break power, serve as an utopian enactment, and be a normative regulation. In these cases, humor is found to have a particular ability to break the power of dominant discourses, because their ambiguity makes them ideal as “guerrilla attacks” in the ongoing discursive guerrilla war the activists are waging.

Majken Jul Sørensen

Papers

Humor as a Serious Strategy of Nonviolent Resistance to Oppression

Humorous Political Stunts: Nonviolent Public Challenges to Power

Constructive Resistance : Conceptualising and Mapping the Terrain

Humour in Political Activism: Creative Nonviolent Resistance

Laughing on the Way to Social Change: Humor and Nonviolent Action Theory