Systems and methods treat fractured or diseased bone by deploying more than a single therapeutic tool into the bone. In one arrangement, the systems and methods deploy an expandable body in association with a bone cement nozzle into the bone, such that both occupy the bone interior at the same time. In another arrangement, the systems and methods deploy multiple expandable bodies, which occupy the bone interior volume simultaneously. Expansion of the bodies form cavity or cavities in cancellous bone in the interior bone volume.

Systems and methods for treating fractured or diseased bone using expandable bodies

On a recording medium, stereoscopic and monoscopic specific areas are located one after another next to a stereoscopic/monoscopic shared area. The stereoscopic/monoscopic shared area is a contiguous area to be accessed both in stereoscopic video playback and monoscopic video playback. The stereoscopic specific area is a contiguous area to be accessed immediately before a long jump occurring in stereoscopic video playback. In both the stereoscopic/monoscopic shared area and the stereoscopic specific area, extents of base-view and dependent-view stream files are arranged in an interleaved manner. The extents on the stereoscopic specific area are next in order after the extents on the stereoscopic/monoscopic shared area. The monoscopic specific area is a contiguous area to be accessed immediately before a long jump occurring in monoscopic video playback. The monoscopic specific area has a copy of the entirety of the extents of the base-view stream file recorded on the stereoscopic specific area.

Recording medium, playback device, and integrated circuit

A new first-order differential microphone array with an infinitely steerable and variable beampattern is described. The microphone consists of 6 small pressure microphones flush-mounted on the surface of a 3/4" diameter rigid nylon sphere. The microphones are located on the surface at points where included octahedron vertices contact the spherical surface. By appropriately combining the three Cartesian orthogonal pairs with simple scalar weightings, a general first-order differential microphone beam (or beams) can be realized and directed to any angle in 4/spl pi/ steradian space. A working real-time version has been created and measured results from this microphone are shown. This microphone should be useful for surround sound recording/playback applications and to virtual reality audio applications.

A steerable and variable first-order differential microphone array

Apparatus for reducing acoustic background noise for use with a telephone handset (10) or a boom microphone device (100) or a boom headset (401) or the like. The apparatus includes first (12) and second (14) microphones which are arranged such that the first microphone (12) receives a desired speech input and the background noise present in the vicinity of the speech, and the second microphone (14) receives substantially only the background noise. The background noise from the second microphone (14) is converted into a corresponding electrical signal and substracted (16) from a signal corresponding to the speech and background noise obtained from the first microphone (12) so as to produce a signal representing substantially the speech.

Noise cancellation apparatus

Methods, devices and systems are provided which produce a synthesized stereoscopic image of a source image by forming at least two images from a source image where at least one image has been modified relative to the source image such that the images have a different spacial appearance than each other. A wide variety of modifications may be made to the source object in order to form modified stereo images. These modifications may involve modifying one or more images relative to the source image. For example, at least one image may be magnified, reduced, or rotated in the X, Y and/or Z plane relative to the source image. Alternatively or in addition, the position of one or more elements of one of the images may also be changed relative to the source image. Alternatively or in addition, at least one of the images may be transformed relative to the source image using a function which alters the position of elements of the image along the X or Y axis relative to the source image. In one variation, the function is a distorting algorithm, for example an elliptical or aspheric distorting algorithm which is not dependent on the depth information of the source image.

Method for producing a synthesized stereoscopic image

A directional microphone apparatus includes an array of at least three sets of microphone units, circuits for processing the output signals from the microphone units to produce a first signal which varies in accordance with the second order bidirectional sound pressure gradient characteristic of the array, weighting circuits for applying respective weighting coefficients to the output signals from the microphone units in accordance with a desired shape of directivity response characteristic, to produce corresponding weighted signals which are combined to form a second signal. The first and second signals are combined to produce an output signal which exhibits sharp directivity even at relatively low frequencies in the audio range.

Directional microphone apparatus

A phased-array sound pickup apparatus has an array of directional microphones having individual directivity patterns equally oriented in a given direction. The directivity patterns of the microphones combine into the main lobe of the array. A plurality of variable delay circuits are connected to be responsive respectively to individual signals from the microphones for providing incremental delays to the individual signals and combining the delayed signals for delivery as an output of the apparatus. A delay control circuit is coupled to the variable delay circuits for generating a delay control signal for controlling the amount of the incremental delays to cause the main lobe to be steered at an angle to the given direction as a function of the delay control signal.

Phased-array sound pickup apparatus

In a phased-array sound pickup apparatus microphones are divided into a first and second subarrays, the microphones of the first subarray having individual unidirectional response patterns oriented on one side of the normal to the array and the microphones of the second subarray having their response patterns oriented on the other side of the normal so that the array's main lobe assumes different orientation from the orientation of the microphone's individual response patterns so that the array's unwanted back lobe falls outside of the microphone's response patterns. The microphones may be grouped into a plurality of pairs and the signals from the paired microphones are mixed so that different individual response patterns are generated in correlation with the array's main front lobe to cause the unwanted back lobe to occur outside of the individual response patterns.

Phased-array sound pickup apparatus having no unwanted response pattern

A microphone apparatus includes an array of equally spaced microphones divided into a center subarray and a pair of side subarrays located one on each side of the center subarray. A first weighting network having a plurality of weighting factors impresses a first weighting function on signals from the center subarray. Second and third weighting networks each having a plurality of weighting factors impress second and third weighting functions respectively on signals from the side subarrays. The first, second and third weighting functions correspond respectively to center and side portions of a total function. Signals from the first weighting network are summed in a first adder, signals from the second and third weighting networks being summed in a second adder and cmbined with the output of the first adder in a third adder to produce an output signal. A variable directivity pattern is obtained by a level setting means which allows adjustment of the level of the output signal from the second adder in a predetermined relationship with the level of the output signal from the first adder.

Microphone apparatus having a variable directivity pattern

A stereoscopic television system and apparatus comprise a memory for storing right-eye information related to odd and even fields and left-eye information related to the odd and even fields, a circuit for producing a main scanning direction synchronizing signal for synchronizing a scanning in a vertical direction of a reproduced picture and a sub scanning direction synchronizing signal for synchronizing a scanning in a horizontal direction of the reproduced picture, where the sub scanning direction synchronizing signal has a frequency which is m±1/4 times a frequency of the main scanning direction synchronizing signal and m is a natural number, and a display device for reproducing and displaying in synchronism with the main and sub scanning direction synchronizing signals the right-eye information related to the odd and even fields and the left-eye information related to the odd and even fields which are successively read out from the memory in synchronism with the main scanning direction synchronizing signal.

Makoto Iwahara

Papers

Directional microphone apparatus

Phased-array sound pickup apparatus

Phased-array sound pickup apparatus having no unwanted response pattern

Microphone apparatus having a variable directivity pattern

Stereoscopic television system and apparatus with 4 to 1 interlace display