다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

Interpretation of X-ray Powder Diffraction Patterns . By H. Lipson and H. Steeple. Pp. viii + 335 + 3 plates. (Mac-millan: London; St Martins Press: New York, May 1970.) £4.

X-Ray Diffraction

생체의 모델링과 Simulation

Within a few lines, a simple dynamic model of the universe can be constructed that is offering a life environment to modules and modular systems.

A Simple Model

During the last decade there has been a rapidly growing interest in integrated optical (IO) sensors, expecially because many of them principally allow for sensitive, real time, label-free-on-site measurements of the concentration of (bio-)chemical species. This review aims at giving an overview of the most relevant developments in this area. After a general introduction into the field of IO sensors for the chemical domain, relevant aspects of integrated optics and chemical sensing are presented in short. A large variety of IO sensing platforms are introduced and discussed: interferometers, resonators, coupling-based devices such as grating couplers and surface plasmon resonance based sensors and finally a new class of sensors based on chemically induced field profile changes. Strong and weak points of principle and of configuration based on these principles are indicated and the main performance data of the IO sensing platforms, especially the obtained resolution, are indicated. Best resolutions of the chemically induced refractive indices on the order of magnitude $10^{-6}-10^{-8}RIU$ can be obtained, corresponding to a resolution of $10^{-3}-10^{-5}$nm in the chemically induced growth of layer thickness of chemo-optical transducer materials. Depending on the anlalyte and the type of transduction layer chemical concentrations down to some ppb or some pg $ml^{-1}$can be determined. Several IO sensing systems are commercially available. Extension of individual sensors to sensor arrays is treated and finally an outlook for the future is given.

Integrated Optical sensors for the chemical domain

One of the most important n-type semiconductor materials used for large numbers of optoelectronics applications is Zinc Oxide (ZnO). In this paper, an aluminum doped zinc oxide thin films have been prepared using spray pyrolysis technique over a 100 silicon based substrates. Morphological, structural, optical and electrical properties of the prepared thin films were characterized and intensively studied. Different aluminum contents of 1%–5% have been utilized to synthesis ZnO nanostructures. The x-ray diffraction method showed that films are crystalline in their structure with hexagonal quartzite phase. Further, FE-SEM methods approved a homogeneous surface morphology with emerging tiny particles as a result of increasing the aluminum concentration. The photoluminescence technique has been used to clarify films optical properties. A clear shift in energy band-gap from 3.26 eV to 3.23% has been resulted due to the increasing the Al concentration from 0% to 5%, respectively.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2053-1591/ab06d4/pdf

Structural, optical and electrical investigations of Al:ZnO nanostructures as UV photodetector synthesized by spray pyrolysis technique

Cadmium oxide on Si heterostructure device has been constructed using (111) oriented silicon substrate by reactive PLD technique. The deposition of CdO film was carried out by irradiating high-purity Cd target using Nd:YAG laser in the presence of reactive oxygen gas. The deposited tin films were characterized by the X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and AFM. The electrical properties of deposited films were investigated reaching to the optimum pressure of oxygen at which the device has been prepared. The films were polycrystalline in nature having high orientation along (111) (200) and (220) planes. The films are formed to give the lower value of the resistivity which was found to be 7.56 × 10−3 Ω cm at the ambient of oxygen pressure around 350 Torr and without using post-deposition heat treatment. The electrical properties such as current–voltage in dark and illumination and capacitance–voltage measurement were carried out and found to be directly related to the substrate temperature. Also, the detector parameters have been characterized by measuring responsivity and detectivity which are found to be 0.38 A/W and 3.9 × 1012 cm Hz1/2 W−1, respectively.

Makram A. Fakhri

Papers

Structural, optical and electrical investigations of Al:ZnO nanostructures as UV photodetector synthesized by spray pyrolysis technique

Synthesis of Cadmium Oxide/Si Heterostructure for Two-Band Sensor Application

Optical investigations of photonics lithium niobate

Optical properties of Cauliflower-like Bi2O3 nanostructures by reactive pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique

Heat treatment assisted-spin coating for LiNbO3 films preparation: Their physical properties