Preface.Introduction.Chapter 1. Selected Topics in Electromagnetic Wave Propagation.1.1. Maxwell's Equations and the Fundamental Fields.1.2. Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in Sourceless Media.1.3. Power Transmission.1.4. Group Velocity.1.5. Reflection and Transmission of Waves at Plane Interfaces.1.6. Material Resonances and Their Effects on Wave Propagation.Problems.References.Chapter 2. Symmetric Dielectric Slab Waveguides.2.1. Ray Analysis of the Slab Waveguides.2.2. Field Analysis of the Slab Waveguides.2.3. Solutions of the Eigenvalue Equations.2.4. Power Transmission and Confinement.2.5. Leaky Waves.2.6. Radiation Modes.2.7. Wave Propagation in Curved Slab Waveguides.Problems.References.Chapter 3. Weakly-Guiding Fibers with Step Index Profiles.3.1. Rays and Fields in the Step Index Fiber.3.2. Field Analysis of the Weakly-Guiding Fiber.3.3. Eigenvalue Equation for LP Modes.3.4. LP Mode Characteristics.3.5. Single Mode Fiber Parameters.3.6. Derivation of the General Step Index Fiber Modes.Problems.References.Chapter 4. Loss Mechanisms in Silica Fiber.4.1. Basic Loss Effects in Transmission.4.2. Fabrication of Silica Fibers.4.3. Intrinsic Loss.4.4. Extrinsic Loss.4.5. Bending Loss.4.6. Source-to-Fiber Coupling.Problems.References.Chapter 5. Dispersion.5.1. Pulse Propagation in Media Possessing Quadratic Dispersion.5.2. Material Dispersion.5.3. Dispersion in Optical Fiber.5.4. Chromatic Dispersion Compensation.5.5. Polarization Dispersion.5.6. System Considerations and Dispersion Measurement.Problems.References.Chapter 6. Special Purpose Index Profiles.6.1. Multimode Graded Index Fiber.6.2. Special Index Profile Optimization.Problems.References.Chapter 7. Nonlinear Effects in Fibers I: Non-Resonant Processes.7.1. Nonlinear Optics Fundamentals.7.2. Nonlinear Phase Modulation on Pulses.7.3. The Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation.7.4. Additional Non-Resonant Processes.Problems.References.Chapter 8. Nonlinear Effects in Fibers II: Resonant Processes and Amplification.8.1. Raman Scattering.8.2. Stimulated Brillouin Scattering.8.3. Rare-Earth-Doped Fiber Amplifiers.Problems.References.Appendix A: Properties of Bessel Functions.Appendix B: Notation.Index.

Fundamentals of optical fibers

In this paper, a spiral shape photonic crystal fiber (S-PCF) has been suggested as a gas sensor for detecting toxic or colorless gases as well as monitoring the air pollution by metering gas condensate elements in production facilities. Our reported S-PCF is micro-structured where two layers porous core is encircled by a spiral shape cladding. The geometrical parameters have altered to optimize the parameters of the proposed structure. The numerical analysis of the proposed S-PCF is performed by utilizing finite element method (FEM). The relative sensitivity and birefringence of the proposed S-PCF are 55.10% and 7.23 × 10− 3 respectively at the 1.33 μm wavelength that lies in the absorption line of toxic gases (methane and hydrogen fluoride). Besides, effective area, nonlinear coefficient and V parameters are also described briefly.

Design of single mode spiral photonic crystal fiber for gas sensing applications

In this paper, a slotted core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) has been designed. A rigorous numerical investigation has been done over the wider range of the wavelength from 1.30 µm to 2.0 µm near inferred region (IR). By employing full vectorial finite element method (FV-FEM) having completely circular anisotropic perfectly matched layer (C-PML) different optical parameter such as nonlinearity, confinement loss, sensitivity, beat length, V-parameter and splice loss of the modeled PCF have been uncovered. The investigated upshot testifies that the birefringence gained at the order of 10−2. Nevertheless, the proposed fiber experienced with the lower order (1.26 × 10−5 dB/m) of confinement loss with a higher order of nonlinearity 54.33 W−1 km−1 at simultaneously at the operating optical wavelength λ = 1.33 µm. Moreover, the impacts of the geometric parameters have been turned on birefringence, nonlinearity and confinement losses which are also analyzed in detail. The proposed PCF model with investigated results provides stronger evidence that, the structure will play a substantial role in the area of optical waveguides as well as optical devices or instrumentations.

Design and analysis of slotted core photonic crystal fiber for gas sensing application

FEM analysis of birefringence, dispersion and nonlinearity of graphene coated photonic crystal fiber

In this paper, we propose a modified design of a hexagonal circular photonic crystal fiber (HC-PCF) which obtains a large negative dispersion and ultrahigh birefringence simultaneously. The optical properties of the proposed HC-PCF were investigated using the finite element method (FEM) incorporated with a circular perfectly matched layer at the boundary. The simulation results showed large negative dispersion of −1044 ps/nm.km and ultrahigh birefringence of 4.321 × 10−2 at the operating wavelength of 1550 nm for the optimum geometrical parameters. Our proposed HC-PCF exhibited the desirable optical properties without non-circular air holes in the core and cladding region which facilitates the fabrication process. The large negative dispersion of the proposed microstructure over the wide spectral range, i.e., 1350 nm to 1600 nm, and high birefringence make it a suitable candidate for high-speed optical broadband communication and different sensing applications.

A Modified Design of a Hexagonal Circular Photonic Crystal Fiber with Large Negative Dispersion Properties and Ultrahigh Birefringence for Optical Broadband Communication

This paper presents dispersion tailoring of photonic crystal fibers creating artificial defect along one of the regular square axes. A finite element method (FEM) has been enforced for numerical investigation of several guiding properties of the PCF covering a broad wavelength range about 1340–1640 nm over the telecommunication windows. According to simulation, the proposed PCF has obtained a strictly single-mode fiber, which has an ultra-high negative dispersion of about −584.60 to −2337.60 ps/(nm-km) and also possible to cover the highest nonlinearity order of 131.91 W−1 km−1 under the operating wavelength. Moreover, the proposed PCF structure experimentally focuses on higher nonlinear coefficient, which successfully compensates the chromatic dispersion of standard single mode in entire band of interest and greatly applicable to the optical transmission system. Additionally, the single mode behavior of S-PCF is explicated by employing V parameter. In our dispersion sensitive analysis, this fiber is significantly more robust due to successfully achieve ultra-high negative dispersion, which gains more promiscuous compared to the prior best results.

Ultra-high negative dispersion compensating square lattice based single mode photonic crystal fiber with high nonlinearity

M.I. ISLAM, M. KHATUN, K. AHMED, 2 S. ASADUZZAMAN, 2, 3 B.K. PAUL, 2 M.S. ISLAM, 2 S. CHOWDHURY, 2 S. SEN, 2 M.B.A. MIAH, 2 A.N. BAHAR 1, 2 1 Department of Information and Communication Technology Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University (Santosh, Tangail-1902, Bangladesh; e-mail: kawsar.ict@mbstu.ac.bd) 2 Group of Bio-photomatiχ (Bangladesh; e-mail: k.ahmed.bd@ieee.org) 3 Department of Software Engineering, Daffodil International University (Savar, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh; e-mail: sayed.swe@diu.edu.bd)

Design and Analysis of Single-Mode PCF in Optical Communication Covering E to L Bands with Ultra-High Negative Dispersion

This paper proposes, the design and characterization of a spiral shape photonic crystal fiber for gas sensing application. The core region of the proposed PCF is oriented with elliptical air holes in a hexagonal shape and the cladding is oriented in a spiral manner. The proposed PCF not only shows high sensitivity but also shows high birefringence as well. The geometrical parameters were altered to fix the optimized structure. By utilizing finite element method (FEM) the numerical analysis of the proposed PCF is performed. Our proposed PCF shows the high sensitivity of 42.27% and high birefringence of 1.94×10−2 at λ=1.33µm which is the absorption line of toxic gasses like (methane and hydrogen fluoride).

Maksuda Khatun

Papers

Ultra-high negative dispersion compensating square lattice based single mode photonic crystal fiber with high nonlinearity

Design and Analysis of Single-Mode PCF in Optical Communication Covering E to L Bands with Ultra-High Negative Dispersion

Spiral photonic crystal fiber for gas sensing application