THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTS. By Oscar Kempthorne. New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1952. 631 pp. $8.50. This book by a teacher of statistics (as well as a consultant for \"experimenters\") is a comprehensive study of the philosophical background for the statistical design of experiment. It is necessary to have some facility with algebraic notation and manipulation to be able to use the volume intelligently. The problems are presented from the theoretical point of view, without such practical examples as would be helpful for those not acquainted with mathematics. The mathematical justification for the techniques is given. As a somewhat advanced treatment of the design and analysis of experiments, this volume will be interesting and helpful for many who approach statistics theoretically as well as practically. With emphasis on the \"why,\" and with description given broadly, the author relates the subject matter to the general theory of statistics and to the general problem of experimental inference. MARGARET J. ROBERTSON

The Design and Analysis of Experiments

Soil Chemical Analysis

Statistics For Spatial Data

Introduction Part I: 1. The Steppe Highway: the rise of pastoral nomadism as a Eurasian phenomenon 2. Bronze, iron and gold: the evolution of nomadic cultures on the northern frontier of China Part II: 3. Beasts and birds: the historical context of early Chinese perceptions of northern peoples 4. Walls and horses: the beginning of historical contacts between horse-riding Nomads and Chinese states Part III: 5. Those who draw the bow: the rise of the Hsiung-nu Nomadic Empire and the political unification of the Nomads 6. From peace to war: China's shift from appeasement to military engagement Part IV: 7. In search of grass and water: ethnography and history of the North in the Historian's Records 8. Taming the North: the rationalization of the nomads in Ssu-ma Ch'ien's historical thought Conclusion.

Ancient China and its Enemies: The Rise of Nomadic Power in East Asian History . By Nicola Di Cosmo. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. ix, 369 pp. $70.00 (cloth).

Transdermal delivery systems have gained much interest in recent years owing to their advantages compared to conventional oral and parenteral delivery systems. They are noninvasive and self-administered delivery systems that can improve patient compliance and provide a controlled release of the therapeutic agents. The greatest challenge of transdermal delivery systems is the barrier function of the skin’s outermost layer. Molecules with molecular weights greater than 500 Da and ionized compounds generally do not pass through the skin. Therefore, only a limited number of drugs are capable of being administered by this route. Encapsulating the drugs in transfersomes are one of the potential approaches to overcome this problem. They have a bilayered structure that facilitates the encapsulation of lipophilic and hydrophilic, as well as amphiphilic, drug with higher permeation efficiencies compared to conventional liposomes. Transfersomes are elastic in nature, which can deform and squeeze themselves as an intact vesicle through narrow pores that are significantly smaller than its size. This review aims to describe the concept of transfersomes, the mechanism of action, different methods of preparation and characterization and factors affecting the properties of transfersomes, along with their recent applications in the transdermal administration of drugs.

https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/12/9/855/pdf

Transfersomes: A Promising Nanoencapsulation Technique for Transdermal Drug Delivery.

Analysis of spatial distribution in ecology is often influenced by spatial autocorrelation. In present paper various techniques related with quantification of spatial autocorrelation were categorized. Three broad categories namely global, local and variogram were identified and mathematically explained. Local measurers captures the many local spatial variation and spatial dependency while global measurements provide only one set of values that represent the extent of spatial autocorrelation across the entire study area. Global spatial autocorrelation measures the overall clustering of data and it included six well defines methods, namely, Global index of spatial autocorrelation, Joint count statistics, Moranâ€™s I, Gearyâ€™s C ration, General G-statistics and Getis and Ordâ€™s G. The study revealed that out of the six methods Moranâ€™s I index was most frequently utilized in plant population study. Based on their similarity degree, local indicator of spatial association (LISA) can differentiate the neighbors in to hot and cold spots. Correlogram and variogram approaches are also given.

https://journals.ansfoundation.org/index.php/jans/article/download/639/596

Spatial autocorrelation analysis in plant population: An overview

Impacts of invasion of a ligneous weed, Prosopis juliflora, in plant communities of reserve forests, protected forests, unprotected forests and open grazing lands in Jamnagar district in arid coastal areas of Gujarat state of India were assessed. Sites invaded by P. juliflora had different ligneous plant composition with lower order seral species being dominant. In all landuses, Prosopis-invaded sites had more species richness, diversity, and evenness. However, increase in species richness was due to occurrence of more weedy species along with Prosopis juliflora. Even amongst the protected and undisturbed sites, dominance of late successional species, e.g., Acacia senegal, Maytenus emarginata, Ziziphus nummularia and Acacia nilotica, was less at sites with Prosopis juliflora than at sites without it. Density of Commiphora wightii, an endangered species, decreased with increasing density of P. juliflora. Invasion of P. juliflora has thus demonstrable adverse impacts on plant communities in arid grazing lands. Resumen: Se evaluaron los impactos de la invasion de una maleza lenosa, Prosopis juliflora, en las comunidades vegetales de bosques de reserva, bosques protegidos, bosques no protegidos y tierras de pastoreo abiertas en el distrito Jamnagar, en areas costeras aridas del estado Gujarat, India. Los sitios invadidos por P. juliflora tuvieron una composicion de planas lenosas diferente, siendo dominantes las especies serales de orden bajo. En todos los usos del suelo, los sitios invadidos por Prosopis tuvieron una riqueza de especies, diversidad y equitabilidad mayores. Sin embargo, el incremento en la riqueza de especies se debio a la presencia de mas especies de malezas junto con Prosopis juliflora. Aun en los sitios protegidos y no perturbados, la dominancia de especies sucesionales tardias, e.g., Acacia senegal, Maytenus emarginata, Ziziphus nummularia y Acacia nilotica, fue menor en sitios con Prosopis juliflora que en sitios donde la especie estuvo ausente. La densidad de Commiphora wightii, especie en peligro de extincion, decrecio con el aumento en la densidad de P. juliflora. La invasion de P. juliflora tiene impactos adversos demostrables en las comunidades vegetales en tierras aridas de pastoreo. Resumo: Os impactes da invasao de uma invasora lenhosa, a Prosopis juliflora, em comunidades vegetais de reservas florestais, florestas protegidas, florestas desprotegidas e pastagens abertas foram avaliadosno distrito de Jamnagar em zonas costeiras aridas do estado de Gujarat na India. As estacoes invadidas por P. juliflora tinhamuma composicao de especies lenhosas diferentesde menor ordem seral que fossem dominantes. Em todos as formas de uso do solo, os que se encontravam invadidos pela Prosopis apresentavam maior riqueza especifica, diversidade e equitatividade. No entanto, o aumento na riqueza especifica era devido a ocorrencia de mais especies daninhas juntamente com a Prosopis juliflora. Mesmo entre os locais protegidos e nao disturbados, a dominância de especies do estagio final da sucessao, como, por exemplo, a Acacia senegal, a Maytenus emarginata, Ziziphus nummularia e Acacia nilotica,

Impact of invasion by Prosopis juliflora on plant communities in arid grazing lands.

The development of novel herbal delivery system is of considerable importance to overcome various constraints like poor bioavailability, in vivo stability, aqueous insolubility, intestinal absorption and unspecific site of action. In last one decade many novel carriers such as liposome, nanoparticles, phyto-complex have been reported for successful modified delivery of various herbal drugs like paclitaxel, curcumin, quercetin, Ginkgo bioloba L., etc. The objective of this review article is to summarize role of nanoparticles for production of smart herbal drugs. Fifteen herbal plant/plant parts/ product have been reviewed along with information regarding botanical identity, active ingredient, mechanism of pharmacological activities, drawbacks related with traditional dose, method of their nano-particle production, mode of action of nano-carriers and their efficacy.

/pdf/role-of-nanoparticles-for-production-of-smart-herbal-drug-an-564rt37mda.pdf

Role of nanoparticles for production of smart herbal drug−An overview

Modern life style and certain environmental exposur es have resulted in male infertility. The causative factors produce different types of derang ements that directly or indirectly cause sexual dysfunctions. Male infertility is increasing in almost every part of the world and there resulted consequences are varies. Modern medicines provides nutritional, physiological and psychopharmacological treatments, however many of them produces negative impact on physiological processes. Herbal aphrodisiac provide s a safer way to counteract with various problems associated with male infertility. This pap er discuss about need, biology, global and regional scenario of herbal aphrodisiac. 32 aphrodi siac plants species that are naturally abound in Rajasthan, (India) their officinal parts, Relative Importance Value (RIV), bioactive molecules, and their various pharmacological proper ties were discussed. 23 plants have been clinically trialed for their aphrodisiac and other activities, while plants like Abutilon indicum, Boerhavia diffusa, Citrullus colocythis, Citrullus lanatus, Convolvulus microphyllus, Indigofera linnaei, Crotolaria burhia and Mimosa hamata yet not been clinically evaluated for their aphrodisiac activities, thus exhibiting 2 8.12% gap between traditional knowledge and pharmacological evidences. The maximum relative importance value (RIV) was shown by Aloe vara (1.8) and 31.25% (10 plant species) were versatile in relation to their use, with RIV of 1 and above. On the basis of number of corporeal systems treated by each species Agglomerative Hierarchal Cluster Analysis (AHC) classify 32 plants in three clusters that provide a base work for preparation of a multi-herb product.

/pdf/herbal-aphrodisiac-their-need-biology-and-status-global-and-27bmqb7fcf.pdf

Manish Mathur

Papers

Spatial autocorrelation analysis in plant population: An overview

Impact of invasion by Prosopis juliflora on plant communities in arid grazing lands.

Role of nanoparticles for production of smart herbal drug−An overview

Herbal Aphrodisiac their Need, Biology and Status: Global and Regional Scenario

Patterns of herbaceous species richness and productivity along gradients of soil moisture and nutrients in the Indian Thar Desert