/pdf/wind-power-modelling-and-impact-on-power-system-dynamics-4enh7yd6ir.pdf

Wind Power: Modelling and Impact on Power System Dynamics

The use of the natural-gas pipeline infrastructure for hydrogen transport in a changing market structure

Two aspects of investment in generation capacity in liberalized electricity markets are investigated: the question of whether investment will be sufficient to meet society's goals for the reliability of electricity supply (generation adequacy) and the question of how to coordinate investment in electricity generation capacity in a competitive market while bound by the physical requirements and limitations of the electricity networks. The study focuses on the situation in European electricity markets. A number of factors discourage generating companies from investing in a level of generation capacity that is optimal for society as a whole. Due to the limited possibilities for the storage of electricity and the low price-elasticity of demand, electricity prices are highly volatile. This, in addition to the lack of historical trend data (due to the short history of liberalized electricity markets), insufficient transparency and high capital costs, causes investment risk to be high. Investment risk is increased by several sources of regulatory uncertainty. Given these circumstances, it is rational for investors to be cautious. A number of policy options for improving investment incentives and for stabilizing the volume of generation capacity, called capacity mechanisms, are described and analyzed. A policy framework is introduced for evaluating them and deciding on the best policy options for different circumstances. With respect to the issue of coordinating investment in electricity generation capacity with the networks, the consequences of the choice for fixed transmission tariffs in most European countries were investigated. While fixed transmission tariffs are intended to make the market simple and transparent, paradoxically they create the need for several additional measures to compensate for their external effects. Among these, the implementation of a congestion management method ranks among the most necessary measures. The options for congestion management, given the choice for fixed transmission tariffs, are analyzed and compared.

/pdf/securing-the-public-interest-in-electricity-generation-4tk21kvsco.pdf

Securing the public interest in electricity generation markets. The myths of the invisible hand and the copper plate

Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

The future of the UK gas network

Polyethylene and Ductile PVC, Two Plastic Pipe Materials Suitable for Gas Distribution Systems

The physical ageing kinetics of uPVC pipes with different levels of gelation
were investigated. No significant influence of the level of gelation on both the
deformation kinetics and the physical ageing kinetics were observed. As a
consequence, installed uPVC pipes as employed for gas, water and sewer
purposes age in a way that is independent of the level of gelation

/pdf/influence-of-the-level-of-gelation-on-physical-ageing-2l2oj98pcy.pdf

Influence of the Level of Gelation on Physical Ageing Kinetics of uPVC Pipes

Smart Gas Distribution Networks

Various non-destructive methods, based on different physical principles, were investigated for their ability to differentiate between uPVC pipes having various levels of gelation. It was found that the micro-hardness method was not able to differentiate between uPVC samples of different levels of gelation. A possible explanation is that the affected volume under the indentation does not reach the centre of the pipe wall where differences in the level of gelation are most pronounced. The laser scattering and laser microscopy methods fail because the surface roughness is not only determined by processing temperature (which is related to the level of gelation), but also by other factors in the production process. The Profile NMR-MOUSE is able to scan through the thickness of the pipe wall. However, the amounts and relaxation rates show no significant differences between uPVC samples of different levels of gelation. The NMR results can be explained from DSC measurements, where no detectable differences in crystallinity have been observed for the different ways of processing.

/pdf/non-destructive-and-in-situ-determination-of-the-degree-of-2oa6q0o8wg.pdf

Mannes Wolters

Papers

Polyethylene and Ductile PVC, Two Plastic Pipe Materials Suitable for Gas Distribution Systems

Influence of the Level of Gelation on Physical Ageing Kinetics of uPVC Pipes

Smart Gas Distribution Networks

Non-destructive and in-situ determination of the degree of gelation of pvc pipes

Third Party Damage Behaviour of Reinforced Thermoplastic Pipe (RTP)