Marcelo Real

TL;DR: The present model accounts for two phases, gas and solid, respectively, considering not only the heat transfer by convection between both, but also the water vapour condensation and evaporation in the catalyst brick, which plays a key role during engine cold-start conditions.

TL;DR: The short circuit of fresh air is a more and more extended strategy to deal with low-end torque issues, very common in small turbocharged and spark-ignited four-stroke engines as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this article, a control-oriented model of the TWC is combined with a Direct Method to solve the corresponding optimal control problem, and the analysis of the obtained results allows to design model-based control strategies whose performance is experimentally assessed.

TL;DR: The impact of short-circuit pulses on the after-treatment system of a spark-ignited engine must be taken into account to keep the fuel-to-air equivalence ratio within the three-way catalyst window as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this article, a grey-box model of three-way catalytic converter is introduced, which is capable of estimating the oxygen storage level to aid the fuel-to-air ratio control in spark engines.