In recent years, smart cities have been significantly developed and have greatly expanded their potential. In fact, novel advancements to the Internet of things (IoT) have paved the way for new possibilities, representing a set of key enabling technologies for smart cities and allowing the production and automation of innovative services and advanced applications for the different city stakeholders. This paper presents a review of the research literature on IoT-enabled smart cities, with the aim of highlighting the main trends and open challenges of adopting IoT technologies for the development of sustainable and efficient smart cities. This work first provides a survey on the key technologies proposed in the literature for the implementation of IoT frameworks, and then a review of the main smart city approaches and frameworks, based on classification into eight domains, which extends the traditional six domain classification that is typically adopted in most of the related works.

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IoT-Enabled Smart Cities: A Review of Concepts, Frameworks and Key Technologies

Intelligent ecofriendly transport management system based on IoT in urban areas

The purpose of this document is to help you get started using HIPE with the minimum of fuss, confusion, time wasted, and Helpdesk (please open this link in a new tab or window) tickets raised. This document assumes the following: • You have installed HIPE without any issues. • You have registered with the Herschel system. Go to Herschel registration page (please open this link in a new tab or window) if not. • You have an account with permission to access the Herschel Science Archive (HSA). • You know the observation ID for at least one set of data. By the end of this document you will have achieved the following: • Transferred one observation for inspection from the HSA into your HIPE session. • Developed a broad understanding of the data structure that you see. • Learnt how to look at your data. • Begun to have an understanding of where you can go from here, and where in the documentation to look next. The first step after checking both lists (especially the first one) is to launch the main program of HIPE. Being a cross-platform application, instructions for the major operating systems follow: • Linux and UNIX: You will find links to the executable file according to the choices made during installation. The options are: the home directory (default), a specific directory and no links (you will have to execute the application directly from the installation directory). If you are running the program from the terminal you should type hipe or ./hipe depending on the shell. • Mac OS X: After installation, you will find HIPE on the Desktop. It is also available searching for hipe in Spotlight and at the installation directory. • Windows: After installation, you will find HIPE on the Start Menu (or Start Screen in Windows 8), on the Desktop (if you decided to create shortcuts there) or directly at the installation directory. In any of the previous cases, when you locate the link or executable file double click it to run the program. Clicking in HIPE Click behaviour within HIPE is very similar to any other GUI-based application:

The Quick Start Guide

Smart cities and communities (SCC) constitute a new paradigm in urban development. SCC ideate a data-centered society aimed at improving efficiency by automating and optimizing activities and utilities. Information and communication technology along with Internet of Things enables data collection and with the help of artificial intelligence (AI) situation awareness can be obtained to feed the SCC actors with enriched knowledge. This paper describes AI perspectives in SCC and gives an overview of AI-based technologies used in traffic to enable road vehicle automation and smart traffic control. Perception, smart traffic control and driver modeling are described along with open research challenges and standardization to help introduce advanced driver assistance systems and automated vehicle functionality in traffic. To fully realize the potential of SCC, to create a holistic view on a city level, availability of data from different stakeholders is necessary. Further, though AI technologies provide accurate predictions and classifications, there is an ambiguity regarding the correctness of their outputs. This can make it difficult for the human operator to trust the system. Today there are no methods that can be used to match function requirements with the level of detail in data annotation in order to train an accurate model. Another challenge related to trust is explainability: models can have difficulty explaining how they came to certain conclusions, so it is difficult for humans to trust them.

https://www.mdpi.com/2624-6511/4/2/40/pdf

AI Perspectives in Smart Cities and Communities to Enable Road Vehicle Automation and Smart Traffic Control

As smart cities (SCs) emerge, the Internet of Things (IoT) is able to simplify more sophisticated and ubiquitous applications employed within these cities. In this regard, we investigate seven predominant sectors including the environment, public transport, utilities, street lighting, waste management, public safety, and smart parking that have a great effect on SC development. Our findings show that for the environment sector, cleaner air and water systems connected to IoT-driven sensors are used to detect the amount of CO2, sulfur oxides, and nitrogen to monitor air quality and to detect water leakage and pH levels. For public transport, IoT systems help traffic management and prevent train delays, for the utilities sector IoT systems are used for reducing overall bills and related costs as well as electricity consumption management. For the street-lighting sector, IoT systems are used for better control of streetlamps and saving energy associated with urban street lighting. For waste management, IoT systems for waste collection and gathering of data regarding the level of waste in the container are effective. In addition, for public safety these systems are important in order to prevent vehicle theft and smartphone loss and to enhance public safety. Finally, IoT systems are effective in reducing congestion in cities and helping drivers to find vacant parking spots using intelligent smart parking.

https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/5/2672/pdf?version=1646617215

An Investigation of the Policies and Crucial Sectors of Smart Cities Based on IoT Application

The ongoing diffusion of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies is opening new possibilities, and one of the most remarkable applications is associated with the smart city paradigm, which is continuously evolving. In general, it can be defined as the integration of IoT and Information Communication Technologies (ICT) into city management, with the aim of addressing the exponential growth of urbanization and population, thus significantly increasing people’s quality of life. The smart city paradigm is also strictly connected to sustainability aspects, taking into account, for example, the reduction of environmental impact of urban activities, the optimized management of energy resources, and the design of innovative services and solution for citizens. Abiding by this new paradigm, several cities started a process of strong innovation in different fields (such as mobility and transportation, industry, health, tourism, and education), thanks to significant investments provided by stakeholders and the European Commission (EC). In this paper, we analyze key aspects of an IoT infrastructure for smart cities, outlining the innovations implemented in the city of Parma (Emilia Romagna region, Italy) as a successful example. Special attention is dedicated to the theme of smart urban mobility.

Marco Mordacci

Papers

IoT-Enabled Smart Sustainable Cities: Challenges and Approaches