Marcos Raymond Pérez-Brayfield

TL;DR: The literature is quite extensive, but it is plagued with bias and conflicting data, creating much confusion as to the optimal care of patients with ANH.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that caudal anesthesia is associated with a higher risk of fistula formation after undergoing distal hypospadias repair than penile block.

TL;DR: The findings support the use of an initial laparoscopic approach in the NPT as the majority of patients will have IAT, avoiding unnecessary inguinal and scrotal explorations and recommend that patients with IAT should undergo laparoscopy prior to 2 years of age to increase probability of successful management.

TL;DR: The data available has validated LESS as safe and has demonstrated similar results to standard laparoscopic surgery and open surgery with better cosmetic results.

TL;DR: The level of concordance of opinion among parents and urologists with regard to their level of satisfaction with surgical outcomes is related to hypospadias severity, whereby the greatest level of concussion of opinion was achieved among most severe cases.