Interpretation of X-ray Powder Diffraction Patterns . By H. Lipson and H. Steeple. Pp. viii + 335 + 3 plates. (Mac-millan: London; St Martins Press: New York, May 1970.) £4.

X-Ray Diffraction

Texture evolution in equal-channel angular extrusion

DAMASK – The Düsseldorf Advanced Material Simulation Kit for modeling multi-physics crystal plasticity, thermal, and damage phenomena from the single crystal up to the component scale

Corrosion is a subject of interest to interdisciplinary research communities, combining fields of materials science, chemistry, physics, metallurgy and chemical engineering. In order to understand mechanisms of corrosion and the function of corrosion inhibitors, the reactions at the interfaces between the corrosive electrolyte and a steel surface, particularly at the initial stages of the corrosion process, need to be described. Naturally, these reactions are strongly affected by the nature and properties of the steel surfaces. It is however seen that the majority of recent corrosion and corrosion-inhibition investigations are limited to electrochemical testing, with ex situ analysis of the treated steels (post-exposure analysis). The characterization of materials and their surface properties, such as texture and morphology, are not being considered in most studies. Similarly, in situ investigations of the initial stages of the corrosion reactions using advanced surface characterization techniques are scarce. In this review, attention is brought to the importance of surface features of carbon steels, such as texture and surface energy, along with defects dislocation related to mechanical processing of carbon steels. This work is extended to a critical review of surface analytical techniques used for characterization of carbon steels in corrosive media with particular focus on examining steel surfaces treated with corrosion inhibitors. Further, emerging surface analysis techniques and their applicability to analyse carbon steels in corrosive media are discussed. The importance of surface properties is commonly addressed by surface scientists as well as researchers in other chemistry fields such as nanotechnology, fuel cells, and catalysis. This article is expected to appeal to a broad scientific community, including but not limited to corrosion scientists, material chemists, analytical chemists, metal physicists, corrosion and materials engineers.

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Carbon steel corrosion: a review of key surface properties and characterization methods

A review on hydride precipitation in zirconium alloys

The distribution of residual deformation effects in textured metal sheets was studied by
X-ray diffractometric methods using a position-sensitive detector (PSD). The elaborated
procedure is based on the geometric principles of texture measurement, while the PSD technique
allows to observe the profile of the X-ray line simultaneously with registering of
its intensity. The proper treatment of experimental results gives values of line intensity,
half-width and peak position of each angular position of the studied sample. By analogy
with the texture pole figures (TPF), the half-width pole figures (WPF) and the peak
position pole figures (PPF) were constructed. The obtained WPFs describe the distribution
of deformation effects in the textured sample depending on grain orientation.
The distinct correlation between TPF and WPF is demonstrated for rolled Nb and β-Zr:
maxima of WPF fall to minima of TPF, while minima of WPF are located at maxima of
TPF. The PPF exhibits a cross-wise distribution of elastic strains, providing the mutual
equilibrium of extended and contracted regions. To explain this regularity, texture formation
mechanisms and probable mutual misorientation of neighbouring grains were
considered.

/pdf/inhomogeneous-distribution-of-residual-deformation-effects-302t3i8v56.pdf

Inhomogeneous Distribution of Residual Deformation Effects inTextured Bcc Metals

Precipitation of reoriented hydrides and textural change of α-zirconium grains during delayed hydride cracking of Zr-2.5%Nb pressure tube

Currently used methods for constructing texture complete direct pole figure (CDPF) based on the results of X-ray diffractometric measurements were considered with respect to the products of Zr-based alloys and, in particular, used in a nuclear reactor cladding tubes, for which the accuracy of determination of integral texture parameters is of the especial importance. The main attention was devoted to technical issues which are solved by means of computer processing of large arrays of obtained experimental data. Among considered questions there are amendments of the defocusing, techniques for constructing of complete direct pole figures and determination of integral textural parameters. The methods of reconstruction of complete direct pole figures by partial direct pole figures recorded up to tilt angles of sample ψ=70-80°: the method of extrapolation of data to an uninvestigated region of the stereographic projection, and the method of "sewing" of partial pole figures measured for three mutually perpendicular plane sections of the product. The limits of applicability of these methods, depending on the shape of the test product and the degree of inhomogeneity of the layer-by-layer texture, were revealed. On the basis of a large number of experimental data, the accuracy of the integral parameters used for calculation of the physical and mechanical properties of metals with a hexagonal crystal structure was found to be equal to 0.02, when taking into account the texture heterogeneity of regular products from Zr-based alloys.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/130/1/012055/pdf

Modern methods of experimental construction of texture complete direct pole figures by using X-ray data

Effect of biaxial cyclic severe deformation on structure and properties of Ti-Ni alloys

The expedience in the use of hafnium for control elements of a nuclear reactor is considered. The requirements of various producers on the chemical composition and mechanical properties of nuclear-purity hafnium are presented. Results of studies of the strain resistance and ductility characteristics of hafnium are discussed depending on the temperature and the deformation rate. The dependence of the hafnium hardness on the degree of deformation and on the annealing mode is presented. Results of a texture analysis are used to judge the effect of deformation and heat treatment on the anisotropy in the properties of hafnium. The developed process is used for the production of hafnium parts at VNIINM, i.e. hafnium plates are fabricated for the attachment unit of automatic control assemblies (ACA) for VVER-440 reactors.

Margarita Isaenkova

Papers

Inhomogeneous Distribution of Residual Deformation Effects inTextured Bcc Metals

Precipitation of reoriented hydrides and textural change of α-zirconium grains during delayed hydride cracking of Zr-2.5%Nb pressure tube

Modern methods of experimental construction of texture complete direct pole figures by using X-ray data

Effect of biaxial cyclic severe deformation on structure and properties of Ti-Ni alloys

Use of Hafnium in Control Elements of Nuclear Reactors and Power Units