From the combination of knowledge and actions, someone can improve their skill and ability. It will lead them to live and work much better. This is why, the students, workers, or even employers should have reading habit for books. Any book will give certain knowledge to take all benefits. This is what this the interferon system tells you. It will add more knowledge of you to life and work better. Try it and prove it.

The Interferon System

Cultures of human lymphocytes exposed in microgravity to the mitogen concanavalin A showed less than 3 percent of the activation of ground controls. This result supports the hypothesis, based on simulations at low g and experiments at high g, that microgravity depresses whereas high gravity enhances cell proliferation rates. The effects of gravity are particularly strong in cells undergoing differentiation.

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/225/4658/228.full.pdf

Cell sensitivity to gravity

This year, we celebrate the 40th birthday of the first landing of humans on the moon. By 2020, astronauts should return to the lunar surface and establish an outpost there that will provide a technical basis for future manned missions to Mars. This paper summarizes major constraints associated with a trip to Mars, presents immunological hazards associated with this type of mission, and shows that our current understanding of the immunosuppressive effects of spaceflight is limited. Weakening of the immune system associated with spaceflight is therefore an area that should be considered more thoroughly before we undertake prolonged space voyages.

https://jlb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1189/jlb.0309167

Could spaceflight-associated immune system weakening preclude the expansion of human presence beyond Earth’s orbit?

Changes in body temperature after administration of amino acids, peptides, dopamine, neuroleptics and related agents

Depression of hepatic cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase systems with administered interferon inducing agents.

Results of space experiment program "Interferon"

Several drugs with certain structural similarities (tricyclic ring system with dialkylaminoalkyl side chains) to tilorone, a potent interferon inducer, were screened for antiviral activity in vivo. Two acridine drugs, Acranil and quinacrine, were found to be effective, the former being almost as protective as tilorone and the latter less so. Both agents induced an interferon-like substance which could be detected in the serum of treated mice. The concentration of the inhibitory factor in the serum was highest after exposure to tilorone, followed in turn by Acranil and quinacrine, based on the administration of equal weights of drugs. Both tilorone and Acranil induced lower levels of circulating interferon-like substance in Balb/c mice than in other strains of mice. The serum factor induced by Acranil was shown to be stable at pH 2.

Antiviral Activity and Induction of Interferon-Like Substance by Quinacrine and Acranil

The results of the biological space experiment "Interferon" performed by two international cosmonaut crews aboard the space laboratory Solyut-6 are reported. Human lymphocytes separated from the blood of healthy donors and placed into "Interferon I" equipment could be kept for 7 days in suspension culture under spaceflight conditions. Interferon production could be induced in human lymphocytes by preparations of different origin, such as virus, synthetic polyribonucleotides, bacterial protein and plant pigment. An increased lymphocyte interferon production was observed in the space laboratory as compared to the ground control. A decrease of induced interferon production and natural killer cell activity was observed in the cosmonauts' lymphocytes on the 1st day on Earth after 7 days spaceflight.

Results of space experiment program "Interferon". I. Production of interferon in vitro by human lymphocytes aboard space laboratory Solyut-6 ("Interferon I") and influence of space flight on lymphocyte functions of cosmonauts ("Interferon III").

Acute X-irradiation with 350 R increased the synthesis of interferons induced by poly I∶C and endotoxin in individual sera of BALB/c mice. Fractional irradiation with 4.7 or 9.4 R daily up to total dose levels of 728, 977 and 1828 R in three different experiments had no influence on serum interferon levels induced by Semliki Forest Virus (SFV), poly I∶C or endotoxin. The Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) induced interferon synthesis decreased in comparison to the non-irradiated control at a total dose of 400 R and attained the control level on further elevation of the total dose. The anti-NDV antibody production fell to one quarter of the control value after exposure to a total dose of 1828 R.

Influence of acute and fractional X-irradiation on induction of interferon in vivo.

The radioprotective activity of interferon inducers (tilorone, Acranil, poly I:C and LPS) was investigated against acute X-ray irradiation and prolonged60Cogamma rays irradiation. The endogenous spleen colony formation test and percentage of surviving mice 30 days after irradiation were used as indicators. All interferon inducers investigated proved to have radioprotective activity.

Margarita Tálas

Papers

Results of space experiment program "Interferon"

Antiviral Activity and Induction of Interferon-Like Substance by Quinacrine and Acranil

Results of space experiment program "Interferon". I. Production of interferon in vitro by human lymphocytes aboard space laboratory Solyut-6 ("Interferon I") and influence of space flight on lymphocyte functions of cosmonauts ("Interferon III").

Influence of acute and fractional X-irradiation on induction of interferon in vivo.

Radioprotective Activity of Interferon Inducers